mouth and salivary glands

Question 1

What is the lyssa?

Answer 1

prominent fibrous condensation containing connective, cartialgenous and muscular tissue on the ventral tongue

Question 2

where does the parotid salivary gland deposit its secretions?

Answer 2

upper jaw parallel with P4 (sectorial, upper carnasial tooth)

Question 3

How does the pathways of the parotid salivary gland’s duct differ between herbivores and carnivores?

Answer 3

carnivores: runs lateral to the masseter muscle and is therefore prone to damage
herbivores: runs medial to the masseter muscle and is therefore better protected

Question 4

Where does the duct of the mandibular salivary gland run and what is the relation with the sublingual salivary gland?

Answer 4

both ducts open into the ventral caruncles of the tongue.

the monostomatic portion of the sublingual gland appears as though it is attached the mandibular gland

Question 5

Name the sites of deposition of small salivary glands

Answer 5

cheeks, lips, soft palate, tongue, oesophagus and pharynx

Question 6

How do the secretions of larger vs smaller salivary gland differ?

Answer 6

larger glands produce serous fluid that may contain enzymes while smaller glands produce only mucous

Question 7

What is the function of saliva?

Answer 7

keeps mouth moist, clean, facilitates mastication and breaks down tartar

Question 8

What may accelerate or depress salivation?

Answer 8

accelerate: anticipation of food, substances introduced to the mouth
depressed: anxiety, dehydration

Question 9

what nerves provide sympathetic or parasympathetic activity to the salivary glands?

Answer 9

parasympathetic will increase flow via the glossopharyngeal , fascial and trigeminal nerve

sympathetic will slow production rate and alter composition

Question 10

what bones compose the hard palate?

Answer 10

incisive

maxillary

palatine

Question 11

name the papillae that runs towards the vomeronasal organ

Answer 11

incisive papilla

Question 12

name the components of the tongue

Answer 12

apex

body

root

Question 13

name the movements that can be achieved by the tongue

Answer 13

prehension

laping

grooming

manibulation

speech articulation

Question 14

name the muscles of the tongue

Answer 14

geniohyoideus

genioglossus

hyoglossus

styloglossus

mylohyoideus

Question 15

what is the function of the geniohyoideus

Answer 15

draws the hyoid apparatus forwards and therefore brings the tongue forwards along with it

Question 16

what is the function of the genioglossus

Answer 16

retracts the apex

depresses the tongue

draws the root of the tongue forwards

Question 17

what is the function of the hyoglossus

Answer 17

draws the tongue back

Question 18

what is the function of the styloglossus

Answer 18

draws tongue back and elevates it

Question 19

what is the function of the mylohyoideus

Answer 19

assists with the initation of swallowing

Question 20

what is the palatoglossal arch and what are its attachment points?

Answer 20

divides the oral cavity from the oropharynx

passes from the root of the tongue to the soft palate

Question 21

list the types of tastebuds found on the tongue used in taste reception

Answer 21

folliate

fungiform

vallate

Question 22

name the taste buds that are purely for protective or mechanical purposes

Answer 22

filiform

conical

Question 23

describe the structure of the soft palate

Answer 23

connective tissue aponeurosis

pharyngeal muscles

connected tot he root of the tongue via the palatopharyngeal arches

Question 24

What is BOAS

Answer 24

brachycephalic obstructuve airway syndrome

Question 25

list the muscles involved in the soft palate and name their functions

Answer 25

levator veli palatini: elevates

tensor veli palatini: tenses laterally

palatinus: shortens

Question 26

how does the soft palate sit in the horse relative to the epiglottis

Answer 26

soft palate sits ventral to the epiglottis and is locked into position allowing for direct air route to the trachea

Question 27

which species have a lingual process of the hyoid apparatus

Answer 27

large tongues species such as the cow and horse

Question 28

where does the hyoid apparatus attach to the skull

Answer 28

external acoustic meatus