Nasal Cavity Flashcards
What are the functions of the nasal cavity?
Modifies air- warms, humidifies and filters
Sense smell
What are the Choanae?
Posterior nares in the skull
What are the three nasal cartilages?
Septal cartilage with fused lateral nasal cartilages
Alar cartilages - surround the medial side fo the nostrils
What are the Nasal conchae or turbinates?
Projections that increse surface area
What is the meatus?
Space below the nasal conchae
Superior, Middle, and Inferior below the respective concha
What are the floor boundaries of the nasal cavity?
Maxillary bone - palatine process
Palatine bone - horizontal plate
*The floor is the palate
What are the roof boundaries of the nasal cavity?
Nasal bone
Frontal bone
Ethmoid (Cribriform plate)
Sphenoid
What are the medial boundaries of the nasal cavity?
Septal Cartilage
Ethmoid (perpendicular plate)
Vomer
What can occur form a nose fracture?
Can break Cribriform plate and leak CSF from the nose
Can result in meningitis
What is the lateral wall of the nasal cavity made up of?
Nasal bone
Maxillary
Inferior concha
Palatine
Ethmoid
Sphenoid
Where is the spheno-thmoidal recess?
Above the Superior Concha
What openings are located int eh sphenoiethmoidal recess?
Olfactory Foramina
Sphenoid air sinus
What opening is located in the superior meatus?
Posterior ethmoidal air cells
What openings are located within the middle meatus?
Middle ethmoidal air cells - bulla
Anterior ethmoidal air cells - hiatus semilunaris
Maxillary sinus - hiatus semilunaris
Frontal sinus - infundibulum
What opening is located in the inferior meatus?
Opening of the nasolacrimal duct
What nerves are located within the nasal cavity and what are their functions?
Olfactory nerve - smell
Trigeminal - general sensation
Facial - visceral motor parasympathetic (mucous glands by pterygopalatine ganglion)
What branches of the trigeminal nerve innervate the nasal cavity?
V1 - anterior ethmoidal nerve
V2 - Nasal branches
V2 - Nasopalatine nerve
What arteries provide blood to the nasal cavity?
Sphenopalatine artery - from mxillary
Anterior and Posterior ethmoidal arteries from the ophthalmic artery
Branches of the facial artery
What veins drain from the nasal cavity?
Ethmoidal vein drain to ophthalmic vein
Branches to pterygoid venous plexus
Facial vein
Why can epistaxis be extensive?
The anastomoses located within the nasal cavity
Spurting if arterial
What are the lymphatic nodes within the nasal cavity?
Retro-pharyngeal nodes
What are the paranasal air sinuses?
Air filled extensions of the nassal cavity
All paired, develop after birth, lined by mucous membrane
Serve to lighten bones
What are the names of the three paranasal air sinuses?
Frontal - separate by spetum, variable
Ethmoid - also called air cells (ant. mid. post.)
Sphenoid - in body of sphenoid bone
Describe the maxillary sinus.
Largest sinus that occupies the entire body of the maxilla
Why can the maxillary sinus be damaged by tooth extraction?
Roots of maxillary teeth are in the floor of the sinus
Why can an infected sinus feel like a tooth ache?
Anterior and Posterior superior alveolar nerves supply the maxillary sinus and teeth
What is posterior cleft palate?
Failure of fusion of the maxillary processes on both sides
What is anterior cleft palate?
Failure of fusion of medial nasal process and maxillary process
*Same as cleft lip
What is the soft palate?
Collection of muscles with a central aponeurosis (tendon)
Functions as a flap valve closes off nasopharynx during swallowing
What arteries supply blood to the palate?
Descending palatine artery - Divides to greater Pal. A. (to hard palate) and Lesser Pal. A. (to soft)
Sphenopalatine artery
Ascending palatine artery (from facial)
What is the innervation of the palate?
Greater palatine N. and Nasopalatine N. to hard palate
Lesser Palatine N. to soft
All from V2**
What are the palatine tonsils?
Lymphoid tissue in oropharynx between palatglossal and palatpharyngeal arches
