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SFII Test 2 > Development of the CNS > Flashcards

Development of the CNS Flashcards

1
Q

What is responsible for inducing neural plate development and when does it start?

A

Notochord

Approximately the 3rd week

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2
Q

What are the three vesicles that comprise the three vesicle stage of brain development?

A

Prosencephalon - forebrain

Mesencephalon - midbrain

Rhombencephalon - hindbrain

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3
Q

What vesicles does the prosencephalon give rise to?

A

Telencephalon

Diencephalon

Optic vesicles off of the Diencephalon**

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4
Q

What vesicles does the Rhombenecphalon give rise to?

A

Metencephalon - Pons

Myelencephalon - Medulla

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5
Q

What are the three layers of the neural tube?

A

Ventricular layer

Marginal layer

Mantle layer

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6
Q

Describe the mantle layer of the neural tube

A

Contains the primary neuronal cell bodies

Becomes gray matter of CNS

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7
Q

Describe the Marginal layer

A

Neuronal axons from the mantle layer

Becomes white matter of the CNS

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8
Q

What is the alar plate?

A

Portion of the developing spinal cord that contains dorsal neurocytes

Sensory development

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9
Q

What is the Basal plate?

A

Portion of the developing spinal cord that contains ventral neurocytes

Motor development

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10
Q

How are the alar and basal plates organized in the medulla?

A

Alar is oriented laterally

Basal is oriented medially

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11
Q

What two areas does the neural tube not close initially?

A

Anterior neuropore

Rhomboid fossa

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12
Q

What is the main function of the choroid plexus?

A

Produce CSF

Act as blood/CSF barrier

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13
Q

What two structures make up the Pons?

A

Tegmentum

Basilar pons

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14
Q

What is the cerebellum derived from?

A

Dorsal alar plate as cells migrate laterally and dorsally

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15
Q

What does the alar plate make up in the mesencephalon?

A

Layers of superior colliculus and nuclei of inferior colliculus

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16
Q

What does the basal plate make up in the mesencephalon?

A

Trochlear and oculomotor nucleui

17
Q

What structures arise from the diencephalon?

A

Epithalamus

Thalamus

Hypothalamus

Subthalamus

All derived from various aspects of the alar plate**

18
Q

What two structures come together to form the hypophysis?

A

Infundibulum

Rathke’s pouch

19
Q

What is the most common cause of hypopituitarism in children?

A

Craniopharyngioma

A congenital cystic tumor that compresses the optic chiasm and hypothalamus

Remnant of Rathke’s pouch

20
Q

What structures does the telencephalon make up

A

Cerebral cortex

Corpus striatum

21
Q

What are the two parts of the cerebral cortex?

A

Neocortex - 6 layered

Allocortex - 3 layered

22
Q

What are the two layers of the allocortex?

A

Paleocortex - olfactory

Archicortex - hippocampus

23
Q

What does the corpus striatum give rise to?

A

Caudate nucleus

Putamen

Amygdaloid nucleus

Claustrum

Globus pallidus

24
Q

What are the four components of the basal ganglia and the associated clinical disorder?

A

Caudate, Putamen, Globus pallidus, Substantia nigra

Neurodegenerative movement disorders such as Huntington’s and Parkinsons’s

25
Q

What is the first critical period of neuronal development?

A

Rapid neuronal proliferation between the 4th and 6th month of development

Zika infects neural stem cells and reduces their number during this period

26
Q

What is the second critical period of neuronal development?

A

Neuron process growth and formation of synaptic connections from 3rd trimester to 2 years

Astrocytes facilitate formation of synapses

Synaptic refinement

27
Q

What is spina bifida?

A

Neural tube defect where posterior neuropore fails to close properly

28
Q

What is spina bifida occulta?

A

Vertebral arch defect - least severe

29
Q

What is meningomyelocele?

A

Most common variation of spina bifida typicall presen in Arnold-Chiari malformation

30
Q

What is Meyloschisis?

A

Most severe form of spina bifida; no skin/meningeal covering

31
Q

What is anencephaly?

A

Failure of anterior neuopore closure

32
Q

What is encephalocele?

A

Skull fails to close/ ossify

Can result in hydrocephalus, limb paralysis, ataxia

33
Q

What is Dandy-Walker syndrome?

A

Posterior fossa cyst leads to 4th vetrical dilation

34
Q

What is hydrocephalus?

A

Excess CSF (from blockage of circulation or overproduction) leads to dilation of ventricles

35
Q

What is holoprosenccephaly?

A

Post-neural tube closure defect that is caused by failed ventical development

36
Q

What is a tethered spinal cord?

A

Spinal cord is attached to the spinal canal

Causes weakness and sensory deficits in lower extremities

SFII Test 2 (20 decks)

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