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Anatomy Module IV > Nasal and Oral Cavity > Flashcards

Nasal and Oral Cavity Flashcards

1
Q

what separates the nasal cavity from the anterior cranial fossa?

A

the perforated cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone

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2
Q

lateral to the upper half of the nasal cavity

A

ethmoidal air sinus and lateral to that is the MEDIAL wall of the orbit

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3
Q

lateral to the lower half of the nasal cavity

A

maxillary air sinus

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4
Q

below floor of nasal? what separates it

A

oral cavity and the hard palate forms a common partition separating the oral cavity from the nasal cavity below - they share an inferior and superior border

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5
Q

what is the nasal cavity continuous with posteriorly?

A

pharynx - nasopharynx

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6
Q

bones that make up the roof of the nasal cavity

A

cartilages - see better in anterior view
nasal bones
nasal spine of frontal bone
cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone
anterior and inferior aspects of the body of the sphenoid bone

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7
Q

bones making up floor of nasal cavity

A

palatine process of the maxilla

horizontal plates of palatine bone

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8
Q

bones making up the medial wall of the nasal cavity

A 
formed by the nasal septum 
components of the nasal septum are: 
septal cartilage 
perpendicular (vertical) plate of ethmoid bone 
vomer
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9
Q

bones making up the lateral wall of the nasal cavity

A

maxilla
ethmoid bone - which provides the superio and middle conchae
inferior conchae
palatine bone

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10
Q

ethmoid bone contribution to the conchae

A

superior and middle conchae

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11
Q

T/F the inferior concha is its own bone

A

TRUE - the superior and middle are formed by the ethmoid bone

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12
Q

nasal conchae - general

A

superior middle and inferior and they divide the nasal cavity into four passages

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13
Q

four passages in the nasal cavity

A

sphenoethmoidal recess
superior meatus
middle meatus
inferior meatus

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14
Q

what is the lateral wall of the nasal cavity covered with?

A

with respiratory epithelium

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15
Q

drainage in the nasal cavity - GENERAL

A

secretions from the orbit and paranasal sinuses drain into the nasal cavity through openings in the lateral wall

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16
Q

tears produced by the lacrimal glands?

A

removed from the orbit by the nasolacrimal apparatus - the NASOLACRIMAL DUCT drain to the INFERIOR MEATUS

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17
Q

inferior meatus receives drainage from?

A

nasolacrimal duct - tears produced drain

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18
Q

hiatus semilunaris

A

curved depression found in the middle meatus - DRAINS the anterior ethmoidal sinus, frontal sinuses, and the maxillary sinus

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19
Q

bulla ethmoidalis

A

swelling on the superior border of the haitus semilunaris

DRAINS the middle ethmoidal sinuses

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20
Q

superior meatus drains?

A

posterior ethmoidal sinuses drain into the superior meatus

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21
Q

spenoethmoidal recess drains?

A

spenoid sinus

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22
Q

NG tube clinical correlation

A

since the nasal cavity is continuous posteriorly with the nasopharynx - it is ultimately connected to the esophagus and thus stomach - so passing a nasogastic tube from the nasal cavity to the stomach is a common procedure to provide nutrients to a pateint that is a critical condition

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23
Q

path that you should put an NG tube in

A

from the nasal cavity you want to go STRIAGHT BACK HORZONTALLY to reach the nasopharynx but want to stay MEDIAL in the nose - to avoid the less smooth lateral walls of the nasal cavities that have the conchae

ALONG FLOOR OF NOSE AND ADVANCE PARALLEL TO NASAL FLOOR –> nasopharynx will be met –>

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24
Q

complicatoins of an NG tube placement

A

perforation of the esophagus
misplacement in the airway (tracheobronchial placement)
cranial displacement - due to a potential fracture in the ethmoid bone of the skull - can go through the cribriform plate and into cranial cavity

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25
Q

paranasal sinuses - GENERAL

A

air filled extensions of the respiratory part of the nasal cavity into the following cranial bones

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26
Q

paranasal sinuses reach what bones

A

frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid, and maxilla

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27
Q

where do all paranasal sinuses drain to?

A

to the nasal cavity through openings on the LATERAL NASAL WALL

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28
Q

frontal sinuses location

A

are between the outer and inner tables of the frontal bone, posterior to the superciliary arches and the root of the nose

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29
Q

frontal nasal sinus drainage

A

each sinus drains through a frontonasal duct and into the semilunar hiatus of the middle nasal meatus

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30
Q

What does the frontonasal duct open up to?

A

semilunar hiatus of the middle nasal meatus

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31
Q

ethmoidal air cells

A

aka ethmoidal sinuses- but are small invaginations of the middle and superior nasal meatus into the ethmoid bone between the nasal cavity and the orbit

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32
Q

anterior ethmoidal cells drainage

A

into the middle nasal meatus through the frontonasal duct

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33
Q

middle ethmoidal cells drain…

A

into the middle nasal meatus where they FORM THE ETHMOIDAL BULLA

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34
Q

ethmoidal bulla describe

A

formed by a swelling of the middle ethmoidal cells when they drain into the middle meatus

it is a swelling on the superior border of the semilunar hiatus

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35
Q

posterior ethmoidal cells drain

A

open directly into the superior meatus

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36
Q

maxillary sinuses - general description and where they communicate

A

are the largest of the paranasal sinuses and they occupy the bodies of the maxillae and communicate with the middle nasal meatus

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37
Q

medial wall of maxillary sinus

A

INFERIOR PART of the lateral wall of the nasal cavity

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38
Q

roof of maxillary sinus..

A

formed by the FLOOR of the orbit

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39
Q

floor of maxillary sinus

A

formed by the alveolar part of the maxilla of the oral cavity

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40
Q

each maillary sinus drains..

A

each sinus drains by one or more openings, the maxillary ostium which open into the middle nasal meatus of the nasal cavity VIA the semilunar hiatus

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41
Q

maxillary ostium

A

each maxillary sinus drains by one or more openings termed this and go into the middle nasal meatus via the semilunar hiatus

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42
Q

three spaces adjacent to each maxillary sinus

A 
nasal cavity (inferior wall)
orbit (roof)
oral cavity (floor)
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43
Q

clinical correlation regarding the maxillary sinus

A

displaced root fragment
for example - a palatal root tip was displaced and went into the maxillary sinus as the FLOOR of the the maxillary sinus is formed by the alveolar process of the maxilla of the oral cavity

the roots of maxillary teeth - more so the first two molars, often produce conical elevations in the floor of the sinus

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44
Q

vestibule

A

space between teeth and mucosal lining of the lips and cheeks (labial and buccal mucosa)

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45
Q

oral cavity proper

A

space between upper and lower dental arches

occupied by the tongue

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46
Q

position of drainage of the maxillary sinus

A

the drainage spot is in the superior region of the sinus - which makes it difficult for some drainage

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47
Q

lips are controlled by?

A

controlled by muscles of facial expression which are innervated by the facial nerve - cranial nerve VII

48
Q

cheeks are controlled by? important in dental carries prevention?

A

buccinator muscle

- helps keep food between the occlusal surfaces of the teeth

49
Q

does the biccinator pass deep to the mandible?

A

yes - passes deep to the mandible so more associated with the buccal mucosa than the skin of the face

50
Q

attachments of buccinator and innervation

A

laterally to the alveolar process of the maxillae and mandible, opposite the molar teeth and to the pterygomandibular raphe - a tendinous thickening of the buccopharyngeal fascia (deep fascia of the neck)

innervated by the buccal branch of the facial nerve

active in smiling and keeping teeth taut - so keeping the food between the occlusal planes while chewing - preventing pocketing of the food

51
Q

mobius syndrome

A

decreased development of CN 6 and 7 - thus this has dental implications as well - cn 7 is facail expression and innervates buccinator which helps keep food in right position during eating

  • more sever tooth decay due to asymmetry of facial expresision
52
Q

parotid gland

A

pierces buccinator muscle and enters the oral cavity opposite the crown of the second molar

53
Q

air or infection in parotid gland?

A

occuring via route of the parotid duct

swelling on the left cheek ( or right)

54
Q

palate - general

A

forms roof of oral cavity proper and floor of nasal cavity

has two distinct parts 1- hard palate 2- soft palate

55
Q

hard palate formed by and functions as?

A

formed from 2 bones of the skull
horizontal plate of the palatine bone and palatine process of maxilla

functions as rigid surface for food during chewing

3 pairs of foramina present

56
Q

3 pairs of foramina present on the hard palate

A

greater palatine foramen
lesser palatine foramen
incisive fossa

57
Q

greater palatine foramen

A

lateral posterior aspect of the hard palate and transmits the greater palatine nerve and arteries

58
Q

lesser palatine foramen

A

posterior to the greater paaltine foramen and transmits the lesser palatine nerve and arteries

59
Q

incisive fossa

A

behind/posterior to the central incisors and transmits the nasopalatine nerves and sphenopalatine vessels

60
Q

soft palate - general function

A

rises as a reflex to close off nasopharynx during swallowing

61
Q

what are the sides of the soft palate attached to

A

sides are attached to pharyngeal walls

62
Q

soft palate composed of what muscles

A 
1 - levator veli palatini 
2- tensor veli palatini
3- palatoglossus 
4- palatopharyngeus 
5- musculus uvulae
63
Q

levator veli palatini

location /origin insertion and function

A

originates from the temporal bone and inserts into the paltine aponeurosis

functions to elevates the soft palate

64
Q

palatine aponeurosis

A

interacting tendons of the soft palate - tendons of the tensor veli palatini muscles in the anterior two thirds of the soft palate

attached to the posterior border of the hard palate is a thin, firm fibrous lamella called the palatine aponeurosis which supports the muscles and gives strength to the soft palate

65
Q

tensor veli palatini

location /origin insertion and function

A

Orginiates from the scaphoid fossa on the sphenoid bone, and the auditory tube and inserts into the palatine aponeurosis

acts to flatten and tense the soft palate

66
Q

palatoglossus
originates / inserts
function

A

originates in the soft palate and inserts onto the lateral surface of the intrinsic muscles of the tongue

elevates the posterior 1/3 of the tongue and with its counterpart on other side

67
Q

palatopharyngeus

A

arises from the soft palate and palatine aponeuorosis and inserts into the thyroid cartilage and the pharynx

functions to elevate the pharynx and larynx

68
Q

musculus uvulae

A

originates on the palatine bone and from the palatine aponeurosis

acts to retract and elevate the uvula

69
Q

list tonsils and give general description

A

aggregates of lymphoid tissue

palatine, pharyngeal, lingual

70
Q

palatine tonsils

A

bilater, located at the boundary of oral cavity and pharynx - between the palatoglossus and the pharyngealglossus

71
Q

pharyngeal tonsils

A

single, roof of the nasopharynx

72
Q

lingual tonsils

A

dorsal surface of posterior tongue

73
Q

surfaces of tongue

A

dorsal and ventral (sublingual) surface

74
Q

functions of the tongue

A 
mastication
taste
deglutition (swallowing)
articulation (speech)
oral cleansing
75
Q

tongue is composed of?

A

intrinsic and extrinsic muscles

76
Q

sulcus terminalis

A

V- shaped groove that divides anterior 2/3 of tongue from the posterior 1/3 of the tongue
- due to the developmental process of the tongue and we see this clinically

77
Q

circumvallate papillae

A

8-10 rows of structures containing taste buds - more posterior

region of the sulcus terminalis

78
Q

filiform and fungiform papillae

A

projections on the surface of the tongue

fungiform papillae contains taste buds

79
Q

lingual frenulum

A

on sublingual surface of the tongue – which is a midline mucous membrane running from the lingual gingiva behind the mandibular central incisors posteriorly to the undersurface of the tongue

80
Q

sublingual papilla

A

located on either side of the frenulum and is the opening of the duct of the submandibular gland

81
Q

function of extrinsic tongue muscles - general

A

move tongue around -

82
Q

function of instrinsic tongue muscles - general

A

change shape of tongue itself

83
Q

genioglossus
attachments
action
innervation

A

extrinsic muscle of tongue

attachments - from mental spine and has superior middle and inferior portions

superior - into the tip of the tongue
middle - into the dorsum of the tongue
inferior- to the tip of the hyoid bone

action - depress and protrude the tongue

innervation - hypoglossus nerve CN XII

84
Q

hyoglossus
attachments
action
innervation

A

extrinsic muscle of the tongue

attachments - from the upper surface of greater horn and lesser horn of hyoid bone to the lateral aspect of the tongue

action - depresses and retracts tongue

innervation - hypoglossal nerve

85
Q

styloglossus
attachments
action
innervation

A

extrinsic muscle of the tongue

attachments - from the anterior part of the styloid process to the lateral aspect of the tongue

action - retracts the tongue
innervation - hypoglossal nerve

86
Q

palatoglossus
attachments
action
innervation

A

extrinsic muscle of the tongue
attachments -

action - elevates posterior part of the tongue

innervation - PHARYNGEAL PLEXUS from CN X

87
Q

intrinsic muscles of the tongue

A

superior longitudinal
inferior longitudinal
transver
vertical

all innervated by CN XII- hypoglossal

changing SHAPE OF THE TONGUE

88
Q

blood supply to the tongue and floor of the mouth

A

LINGUAL ARTERY AND BRANCHES

- lingual artery is a branch of the external carotid artery

89
Q

branches of the lingual artery in the oral cavity

A

dorsal lingual artery
deep lingual artery
sublingual brnach

90
Q

dorsal lingual artery

A

from the lingual artery and provides blood supply to the root of the tongue
- it also sends a branch to the palatine tonsil - MORE POSTERIOR PART

91
Q

deep lingual artery

A

branch of the lingual artery and supplies the body of the tongue - more ANTERIOR PART

92
Q

sublingual branch of lingual artery

A

from lingual artery and provides the blood supply to the floor of the mouth, including the sublingual gland

93
Q

venous drainage of the tongue

A

tongue is drained by two lingual veins that accompany the lingual arteries and receive the dorsal lingual veins

94
Q

deep lingual vein

A

runs posteriorly under the mucuos membrane of the underside of the tongue at the side of the lingual frenulum (where it can be observed through the mucosa)

95
Q

where does all of the venous drainage from the tongue eventually end up?

A

to the internal jugular vein

96
Q

what does the deep lingual vein drain into?

A

the sublingual vein

97
Q

what does the sublingual vein receive?

A

dorsal vein

98
Q

lymphatic drainage of posterior 1/3 of the tongue

A

jugulo-digastric and retropharyngeal –> jugulo-omohyoid group

99
Q

anterior 2/3 of the tongue lymphatic drainage - general

A

the tip, the side of the tongue, and the central part of the tongue drain into respective areas

100
Q

tip of the tongue lymphatic drainage

A

into submental group

101
Q

side of the tongue lymphatic drainage

A

submandibular group

102
Q

central part of the tongue lymphatic drainage

A

jugulo-omohyoid group

103
Q

floor of oral cavity is formed mainly by?

A

muscular diaphragm which fills the U-shaped gap between the sides of the body of the mandible - which is composed of paired mylohyoid muscles

104
Q

mylohyoid

A

paired muscles on floor of oral cavity

attachments: mylohyoid line of mandible to median raphe of the hyoid bone

innervation is nerve to mylohyoid which is a branch of he inferior alveolar nerve (from a branch of V3)

105
Q

submandibular gland

A

duct passes between the mylohyoid, hyoglossus, and genioglossus

opens lateral to lingual freneulum with the lingual papillae

DOES NOT OPEN UP TO SMALL ORIFICES ON THE FLOOR OF THE ORAL CAVITY

106
Q

sublingual gland

A

ducts open into oral cavity or may connect with the submandibular duct
- opens up into small orifices on the floor of the oral cavity

107
Q

location of the lingual nerve in the oral cavity

A

emerges between the medial and lateral pterygoid muscles and is joined by the chorda tympani

continues anteriorly and downward, entering the floor of the mouth jsut MEDIAL to the root of the mandibular third molar

on the floor - the lingual nerve curves downward and then loops upward on the exterior and superior surface of the hyoglossus muscle - it will end more superiorly by supplying branches to the dorsum of the anterior 2/3 of the tongue

108
Q

relationship between lingual nerve and submandibular duct in the floor of the mouth

A

LINGUAL NERVE WILL CROSS OVER THE DUCT - lingual nerve will take a more superior root over the submandibular duct

109
Q

hypoglossal nerve route

A

CN XII
leaves teh skull through the hypoglossal canal and descends almost vertically in the neck to a level just below the angle of the mandible

angles forward and CROSSES the external carotid artery

continues forward and crosses the lingual artery to reach the hyoglossus muscle

hypoglossus nerve travels on the external surface of the hyoglossus muscle and deep to the mylohyoid muscle to reach the tongue

110
Q

the hypoglossal nerve will travel under or over the external carotid artery?

A

OVER - it CROSSES THE EXTERNAL CAROTID ARTERY

111
Q

general sensation of anterior 2/3 of the tongue?

A

via lingual nerve of cranial nerve 5 - which is a branch of V3 - mandibular

112
Q

taste to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue

A

from fibers of Cn VII - chorda tympani that merge with CN V - the lingual nerve in the infratempporal fosaa

113
Q

Taste to popsterior 1/3 of the tongue

A

cranial nerve IX

- glossopharyngeal

114
Q

general sensation to the posterior 1/3 of the tongue

A

cranial nerve IX- glossopharyngeal

115
Q

CN X contribution to SA fibers of tongue

A

Cn X - via internal laryngeal nerve carreis taste info from the epiglottis and the vallecula

116
Q

CN X contribution to sensory of tongue

A

CN X - via internal laryngeal nerve
these are GVA fibers
- mucosa of the larynx to the level of the vocal folds, vellecula, epiglottis and priform recess

Anatomy Module IV (12 decks)

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