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Anatomy Module IV > Detailed Exploration of the Skull > Flashcards

Detailed Exploration of the Skull Flashcards

1
Q

cranial base - inferior view

A

norma basalis

anterior intermediate middle and posterior region

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2
Q

Orbital plates of the frontal bone

A

convex elevations on the floor of the anterior cranial fossa
they separate the anterior cranial fossa from the orbits

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3
Q

cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone

A

separates the anterior cranial fossa from the nasal cavity.

IT HAS PERFORATIONS THAT TRANSMIT OLFACTORY NERVE FIBERS CN-1 INTO THE NASAL CAVITY

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4
Q

crista galli

A

in anterior cranial fossa - this is a median crest-like elevation that projects upward and provides attachment for the FALX CEREBRI - in a sagittal section can see this elevation from ethmoid bone up

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5
Q

spenoid bone and the anterior cranial fossa

A

LESSER WING contributes the anterior cranial fossa

and the ANTERIOR PART OF THE BODY OF SPHENOID contributes to the mid-region of the anterior cranial fossa

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6
Q

sphenoid bone contribution to the middle cranial fossa

A

BODY OF SPHENOID contributes tot he middle cranial fossa and includes the chiasmatic groove/sulcus and the sella turcia

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7
Q

chiasmatic groove/sulcus

A

in the middle cranial fossa - this is the general location of optic chiasm

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8
Q

sella turcica and what it includes

A

in the middle cranial fossa- forms a large part of the body of the sphenoid. similar to the shape of a saddle
INCLUDES
- tuberculum sellae
- hypogloseal (pituitary)fissa
- dorsum sellae with the posterior clinoid processes

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9
Q

tuberculum sellae

A

a bony elevation immediatley posterior to the chiasmatic groove

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10
Q

hypophyseal (pituitary) fossa

A

deepest part of the sella turcica and accommodates the pituitary gland

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11
Q

dorsum sellae

A

posterior plate of bone that forms the posterior boundary of the sella turcica (back of saddle) and the POSTERIOR CLINOID PROCESS extends posteriorly from both ends of the dorsum sellae

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12
Q

posterior clinoid process

A

extensions off the posterior aspect of the dorsum sellae on either side and PROVIDES ATTACHMENT FOR THE TENTORIUM CEREBELLI

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13
Q

anterior clinoid processes

A

in the middle cranial fossa and is the posterior extensions of the LESSER WING of the spenoid bone and provides attachment for the TENTORIUM CEREBELLI

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14
Q

Greater wing of the sphenoid bone

A

in the middle cranail fossa it contributes to the floor of the middle cranial fossa - can be seen on the lateral and inferior surfaces of the skull)

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15
Q

openings of the spenoid bone in the middle cranial fossa

A

optic canal and superior oribital fissure
foramen rotundum
foramen ovale
foramen spinosum

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16
Q

optic canal

A

in the middle cranial fossa and pierces the sphenoid bone

passes forward to the orbit to transmit the optic nerve and ophthalmic artery

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17
Q

superior orbital fissure

A

crescent shaped gap between the greater and lesser wing of the sphenoid bone
communicates with the orbit and transmits cranial nerves III, -IV, VI, and V1 and the opthalamic vein

in the middle cranial fossa

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18
Q

foramen rotundum

A

in the middle cranial fossa of the sphenoid bone

located posterior to the superior orbital fissure and transmits the maxillary nerve -V2 to the pterygopalatine fossa

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19
Q

foramen ovale

A

in the middle cranial fossa of the sphenoid bone and transmits the mandibular nerve V3 and accessory meningeal artery to the infratemporal fossa

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20
Q

foramen spinosum

A

in the middle cranial fossa and associated with the sphenoid bone
transmits the middle meningeal artery and nervous spinosus to the infratemporal fossa

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21
Q

openings with contributions from the sphenoid and temporal bones

A

carotid canal and the foramen lacerum

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22
Q

carotid canal

A

INTERNAL OPENING

  • found at the junction between the greater wing of sphenoid and petrous portion of the temporal bone
  • transmits the internal carotid artery and plexus
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23
Q

foramen lacerum

A

associated with the middle cranial fossa

  • bound by the sphenoid bone (body and greater wing) and the APEX OF THE PETROUS TEMPORAL BONE.
  • the lower margin of this opening is filled with cartilage in life and contributes to the floor of the carotid canal
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24
Q

temporal bones morphological distinct regions

A

squamous, petrous, mastoid, tympanic, and styloid

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25
Q

morphologically distinct regions of the temporal bone contributing to the middle cranial fossa

A

SQUAMOUS

PETROUS

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26
Q

openings associated with the temporal bone in middle cranial fossa

A

hiatus and groove for the greater petrosal nerve

hiatus and groove for the lesser petrosal nerve

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27
Q

hiatus and groove for the greater petrosal nerve

A

in the middle cranial fossa and associated with the temporal bone

  • on the anterior slope of the petrous temporal ridge and the groove can be FOLLOWED TOWARD THE FORAMEN LACERUM
  • the hiatus and groove transmit the greater petrosal nerve
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28
Q

hiatus and groove for the lesser petrosal nerve

A

located anterior and parallel tot he greater hiatus and groove
leads TOWARD THE FORAMEN OVALE and transmits the lesser petrosal nerve

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29
Q

clivus

A

in the posterior cranial fossa
comprised of the sphenoid body behind the dorsum sellae and basilar part of the occipital bone.
the clivus slopes posteriorly and inferiorly to end at the anterior margin of the foramen magnum

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30
Q

squamous part of the occipital bone

A

borders the foramen magnum posteriorly

posterior cranial fossa

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31
Q

internal occipital protruberance

A

midline posterior elevation at the posterior pole of the internal aspect of the occipital bone; location of the confluence of sinuses

posterior cranial fossa

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32
Q

petrous part of the temporal bone

A

in the posterior cranial fossa

forms the anterolateral wall fo the posterior cranial fossa

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33
Q

openings of the posterior cranial fossa

A

foramen magnum
hypoglossal canal
jugular foramen
internal acoustic meatus

34
Q

foramen magnum

A

large opening through which the medulla is continuous with the spinal cord

posterior cranial fossa

35
Q

hypoglossal canal

A

located at the anterolateral margin of the foramen magnum (at approx. 10 and 2 o’clock)
it runs anterolateral and transmits the CNxII hypoglossal nerve

posterior cranial fossa

36
Q

jugular foramen

A

large opening at the margin of fthe petro-occipital fissure (between temporal bone and occipital) that transmits CN IX and X and XI as well as the sigmoid sinus, which is continuous with the internal jugular vein

posterior cranial fossa

37
Q

internal acoustic

A

lies on the posterior slope of the petrous temporal ridge above the jugular foramen
passing through this opening toward the inner ear are CN VII and VIII as well as the labyrinthine/interanal auditory vessels

38
Q

normal basalis

A

inferior view of cranial base

39
Q

imaginary lines of the norma basalis/inferior view of the cranial base

A

anterior transverse line -
posterior transverse line

these pass through several key structures and also divide the base of the skull into anterior, intermediate, and posterior regions

40
Q

anterior transverse line

A

passes through the right and left articular eminences (the rounded ridge of bone that forms the anterior limit of the mandibular fossa)

41
Q

posterior transverse line

A

passes along the anterior margin of the foramen magnum

42
Q

hard palate made from

A

two pairs of bones
palatine process of the maxilla (2) (forms the ANTERIOR 2/3 OF PALATE)
AND
Horizontal plate of the palatine bone (2) forms the posterior 1/3 of the palate, ending posteriorlyt as a doiuble crescent-shaped free border

anterior region of the norma basalis

43
Q

posterior nasal spine

A

a midline posterior projection from the posterior border of the bony palate

in the anterior region of the norma basalis

44
Q

incisive fossa

A

located posterior to the central incisors
there are lateral incisive foramina that lead to incisive canals and floor of the nasal cavity
transmits the NASOPALATINE NERVE AND SPHENOPALATINE VESSELS

45
Q

the greater palatine canal passes to…

A

the greater palatine foramen and the lesser palatine foramen
in the anterior region of the norma basalis

46
Q

greater palatine foramen

A

greater palatine canal passes to this
located at the posterior margin of the palatomaxillary suture, in line with the 3rd maxillary molar and transmits the greater palatine nerve and vessels

47
Q

lesser palatine foramen

A

typically there are two and are located posterior to the greater palatine foramen and within the PYRAMIDAL PROCESS OF THE PALATINE BONE.
transmit branches of the lesser palatine nerve and vessels

in anterior view of the norma basalis

48
Q

posterior choanae

aka

A

posterior nasal apertures
represent the posterior limits of the nasal cavity

in the anterior

49
Q

vomer

A

forms the posterior free edge of the bony nasal septum and separates the two posterior nasal aperatures

anterior region

50
Q

pterygoid process of spenoid bone

A

includes the lateral and medial pterygoid plates and an intervening space, the pterygoid fossa

in anterior region

51
Q

lateral pterygoid plate

A

provides attachment for both the lateral and medial pterygoid muscles

52
Q

medial pterygoid plate and what does it have

A

contributes to the lateral nasal wall (posterior)

has scaphoid fossa and hamulus

in anterior region

53
Q

scaphoid fossa

A

canoe- shaped shallow depression at the base of the medial pterygoid palte. the tensor veli palatini muscle originate from this area

in anterior region

54
Q

hamulus

A

delicate hook-like inferior extension from the medial plate around which the tendon of the tensor veli palatini passes

in anterior region

55
Q

openings associated with anterior normal basalis

A

pterygoid canal

palatovaginal canal

56
Q

pterygoid canal

A

the opening to the canal is located at the base of the medial pterygoid plate
the canal transmits the nerve and artery of the pterygoid canal
AKA vidian nerve and artrey to the pterygopalatine fossa

57
Q

palatovaginal canal

A

superiorly the medial pterygoid plate is prolonged as the vaginal process which contributes to the formation of the palatovaginal canal
the palatovaginal canal transmits the pharyngeal nerve and artery

58
Q

structures and openings associated with the sphenoid bone in the intermediate region of the norma basalis

A 
greater wing of sphenoid 
foramen ovale 
foramen spinosum 
spine of the sphenoid 
groove of the auditory tube 
foramen lacerum
59
Q

greater wing of spenoid in intermediate region

A

extends laterally from the pterygoid process and spans both the anterior and intermediate regions
articulates with the squamous temporal bone laterally and petrous temporal bone posteriorly

60
Q

foramen ovale of the intermediate region

A

located in the greater wing of the sphenoid, near the posterior margin of the lateral pterygoid plate
Transmits V3 and the accessory meningeal artery

61
Q

foramen spinosum

A

in the intermediate region

located in the greater wing of the sphenoid and transmits middle meningeal artery and nervus spinosus

62
Q

spine of the sphenoid

A

in the intermediate region
an inferior bony projection from the greater wing, located posterolateral to the foramen spinosum
the spheno-mandibular ligament passes from the spine to the lingula of the mandible

63
Q

groove for the auditory tube

A

identified where the posterior margin of the great wing of the sphenoid meets the anterior margin of the petrous tmeporal bone

in intermediate region

64
Q

foramen lacerum

A

“space” bordered by the petrous temporal, sphenoid, and basilar occipital bones is occupied by cartilage in life and forms a portion of the floor of the carotid canal
small emissary veins pass through the cartilage

in the intermediate region

65
Q

structures associated with the temporal bone in the intermediate region

A

mandibular fossa
tympanic plate
external acoustic meatus/canal with two fissures
squamotympanic fissure and petrotympanic fissure

66
Q

mandibular fossa

A

accommodates the condyle of the mandible

in intermediate and associated with temporal bone

67
Q

tympanic plate

A

contributes to the external acoustic meatus and the posterior (non-functioning) wall of mandibular fossa

in intermediate and associated with temporal bone

68
Q

external acoustic meatus/ canal and assocuated features

A

located posterior to the mandibular fossa and two fissures
squamotympanic fissure - between the squamous and tympanic portions of the temporal bone

petrotympanic fissure
- between the petrous and tympanic portions of the temporal bone

in intermediate and associated with temporal bone

69
Q

structures associated with the occipital bone in the intermediate region

A

basilar part of occipital bone and pharyngeal tubercle

70
Q

basilar part of occipital bone

A

located immediately posterior to the vomer and spenoid bone and extends to the anterior margin of the foramen magnum

in intermediate region of occipital bone

71
Q

pharyngeal tubercle

A

a small midline elevation; is the attachment site for one of the muscles of the pharynx

in intermediate region of the occipital bone

72
Q

from lateral to medial the features crossed by the posterior transverse line
plus other features associated with posterior line

A

styloid process
mastoid process
stylomastoid foramen

jugular foramen
carotid canal (entrance)
tympanic canaliculus

73
Q

styloid process

A

a long, slender, needle-like process
the stylohyoid ligament passes from the styloid process to the hyoid bone.
it also provides attachment for several muscles

posterior line region

74
Q

mastoid process

A

mastoid air cell occupy this process and communicate with the tympanic cavity

posterior line region

75
Q

stylomastoid foramen

A

an opening located between the stylopid and mastoid processes and traversed by the facial nerve CN VII

posterior line region

76
Q

jugular foramen

A

a large opening at the margin of the petro-occipital fissure that transmits CN -IX, X, and XI as well as the sigmoid sinus (which is continous with the internal jugular vein)

posterior line region

77
Q

carotid canal (entrance)

A

located in the temporal bone immediately anterior to the jugular foramen and separated from the jugular foramen by a small wedge of bone

associated with the posterior line region

78
Q

tympanic canaliculus

A

a small opening located at the wedge of bone separating the carotid canal and the jugular foramen.
this transmits the tympanic branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve CN IX

associated with the posterior line region

79
Q

structures and openings associated with the occipital bone in the posterior region

A

foramen magnum
occipital condyle
hypoglossal canal

80
Q

foraman magnum

A

large mideline opening bordered by the occipital bone

in the posterior region

81
Q

occipital condyles

A

located on the anterolateral margin of the foramen magnum
provides articular surface with the atlas

in the posterior region

82
Q

hypoglossal canal

A

located near the anterior region of the occipital condyle at about 10 and 2 o’clock
traverses the occipital bone and contains the hypoglossal nerve - CN XII

in the posterior region of the norma basalis

Anatomy Module IV (12 decks)

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