narodne obrodenie Flashcards
What was the Slovak National Revival?
A movement from the 16th to 19th century aimed at strengthening Slovak national identity, language, and culture.
What were the main causes of the Slovak National Revival?
The Ottoman threat, migration of people, national tensions in cities, and the influence of Enlightenment ideas.
When did national awareness among Slovaks begin to grow?
In the 18th century, influenced by Enlightenment ideas and historical exploration.
What were the main theories about the origin of Slovaks?
The Theory of Autochthony (Slavs lived in the area before Hungarians) and the Theory of Hospitality (Slavs and Hungarians built Hungary together).
Who wrote the first book on Slovak history?
Juraj Papánek in 1780 (Dejiny Slovenského národa).
What were the three main periods of Slovak national revival?
Bernolákovci (1780–1820), Kollárovci (1820–1835), and Štúrovci (1835–1848).
What was the main focus of the national revival movement?
Creating and spreading a national Slovak language and later engaging in political activity.
What was the main difference between Catholic and Protestant approaches?
Catholics saw Slovaks as a separate nation and tried to codify Slovak, while Protestants viewed Slovaks as part of a Czecho-Slovak group and promoted a Slovakized Czech language.
How did the Hungarian national movement affect Slovak revivalists?
Slovak revivalists had to fight against Hungarian centralization and efforts to assimilate Slovaks.
What was the key achievement of the Štúrovci?
The creation of a standardized Slovak language based on the central Slovak dialect, which is still used today.
How did political events in Europe influence the Slovak national movement?
Events like the defeat of Napoleon, Hungarian national movements, and Polish uprisings affected the strategies and goals of Slovak revivalists.
Which social and religious group did the Bernolákovci belong to?
The Slovak Catholic intelligentsia.
Who were the main Protestant representatives of the Kollárovci?
Ján Kollár, Pavol Jozef Šafárik.
Which dialect formed the base for the language codified by the Kollárovci?
Dialect from central Slovakia.
In 1787, Anton Bernolák created the first codified Slovak language. Which dialect formed the base for this version of the language?
Western Slovakia (Trnava region dialect).
What was the centre of meetings for Protestants and Catholics during their cooperation?
Buda and Pest.
Name at least two associates of Ľudovít Štúr.
Hurban, Hodža.
What was the main goal of Juraj Fándly’s book ‘Pilní domajší a poľní hospodár’?
To give advice to Slovak farmers.
Who did the Štúrovci address their petition ‘Slovenský prestolný prosbopis’ to?
The king/monarch.
Which major Slovak religious and cultural group resisted Bernolákovci’s language?
The Protestant intelligentsia (who preferred the Czech-based biblical language).
Who was supposed to be the main protector and patron of the Slavic nation according to the idea of Panslavism?
The Russian Empire.
What was the main goal of the spolky miernosti established by the Štúr generation?
To fight alcoholism in villages.
In 1792, Bernolák’s followers established this organization to promote the Slovak language and literature. What is its name?
Slovenské učené tovarišstvo (Slovak Learned Society).
Who was the most active defender and promoter of Bernolák’s version of the Slovak language?
Ján Hollý.
They started to publish the first political newspaper in August 1845. What was the name of the newspaper?
Slovenské národné noviny.
What were the religious beliefs of different national revival groups?
Bernolákovci – Catholics; Kollárovci – Protestants + Catholics; Štúrovci – Protestants.
What were their ideas about language?
Bernolákovci – Western dialect (codified Slovak language) – failed; Kollárovci – Bernolák’s Slovak + Czech – failed; Štúrovci – Central dialect (codified Slovak language) – successful.
What were their main activities aimed at?
Bernolákovci – Published books; Kollárovci – Cooperation of Slavs; Štúrovci – Political activism and work with lower social groups.
Where was the Bernolákovci group formed?
In the Catholic seminary in Bratislava, founded by Joseph II.
What was the name of the group of Slovak students who started the Bernolákovci movement?
Krúžok vlasteneckých filológov (The National Philologists Group).
When was the first codified Slovak language created, and which dialect was it based on?
In 1787, based on the Western dialect (Trnava region).
What was the first book on the topic of Slovak language, and when was it published?
Filologicko-kritická rozprava o slovenských písmenách (1787).
What are some important works written by Anton Bernolák?
Gramatica Slavica (1790), Etymológia slovenských slov (1791), Slovár slovenský, česko-latinsko-nemecko-uhorský (1825–1827).
What was the purpose of Slovenské učené tovarišstvo (Slovak Learned Society), and when was it founded?
It was founded in 1792 to promote the Slovak language and literature.
How many members did the Slovenské učené tovarišstvo have, and who were they?
Around 500 members, mostly Catholic priests.
Why did previous attempts to change the language fail, according to Bernolák?
They were all based on the Czech language.
How did Bernolák change Slovak grammar?
He adapted spelling and pronunciation rules specifically for Slovaks instead of following Czech patterns.
What was the main purpose of Juraj Fándly’s writing?
To advise Slovak farmers.
Why did Fándly write about potatoes in Pilní domajší a poľní hospodár?
To educate farmers about their benefits and encourage their cultivation.
How did the perception of potatoes change over time?
Initially, only the poor ate them, but later they became widely accepted and consumed abroad.
What is Ján Hollý’s epic poem Svätopluk about?
It describes the war of Svätopluk against Karolman and his victory, leading to the establishment of a strong Slovak kingdom.
How was Svätopluk supposed to help the Slovak national movement?
It aimed to show Slovak history as glorious and instill national pride.
How did Ján Hollý use language in his works?
He promoted the Slovak language by using it in poetry and translating ancient works.
