FR + Napoleon + Congress of Vienna Flashcards
What system of government was applied before FR
absolute monarchy
What does absolute monarchy mean
- king has absolute power
- king creates rules on his own
- no parliament / no consulting
What is centralized government
the whole country is ruled from 1 place (in France it was Versailles)
Why was there a bad financial situation in France before revolution
- war debts (French-Indian war)
- lavish life of higher classes
- 2 years of draught, bad harvest
- rise of prices of food due to bad harvest but no rise of wages
Name the 3 estates
1st - Clergy
2nd - Nobility
3rd - Bourgeoise, sans cullotes, peasants
define clergy
- the highest estate after royal family
- 1% of the population
- pay no taxes
- own 10-15% of soil
- Higher clergy- abbots, bishops…
define nobility
- leading positions un government, military
- pay no taxes
- 2% of population
define bourgeoise
- middle class = wealthy
- doctors, merchants, lawyers, bankers
define sans cullotes
- urban workers = laborers, artisans, small shopkeepers
- sans cullotes = “without breeches”
- even tho they were relatively wealthy, they related more to peasants than higher classes
- fought for equality
define sans cullotes
- urban workers = laborers, artisans, small shopkeepers
- sans cullotes = “without breeches”
- even tho they were relatively wealthy, they related more to peasants than higher classes
- fought for equality
define peasants
- landless workers
- paying taxes
- no voice in government
how did FR start
the king created a voting system unfair to the 3rd estate while they were discussing new taxes (only the 3rd estate pays taxes)
what year did FR start
1789
what is National Assembly
a gathering where the 3rd estate tried to create new constitution
What is the Tennis Court Oath and why were the people in a gym
- an oath to never disband until they reached their goal (new constitution)
- king locked them out of the hall of mirrors
Storming of Bastille date
14.7.1789
why did people attack Bastille
king started gathering troops and the people needed guns from Bastille
What were the 3 stages of government created by the 3rd estate
- National Assembly
- Constitutional monarchy
- Republic
What is significant in national assembly
- established general equality (only all MEN were equal)
- religious freedom
- freedom of speech
- right to hold a property
what was significant in constitutional monarchy
- the assembly is elected every 2 years
- everyone pays taxes based on their property
- king was still present and could aloow or delay any of the laws the assembly wants to pass
- the royal crown is still only hereditary
- government seperated into wings = left wing-Jacobines, right wing-Girodins
what did the 3rd estate classes think about the changes brought by constitutional monarchy
Peasants
- still too poor to afford land
- didnt like changes in church
- wanted more protection against the rich
Bourgeoise
- wanted free trade and natural competition
- opposed to peasants
Sans-cullotes
- wanted no free trade
- wanted stable prices
- same goals as peasants
- supported enlighted ideas
- wanted a different government
what was the goal of Jacobines
- want to continue the revolution
- general sufferage
- more democratic and equal lifestyle
- state inerference into economy (fixed prices, wages…)
what was the goal of Girodins
- free trade
- wanted to stop the revolution
- sufferage only to those with certain property
- supported by bourgeoise
what was significant in republic
Jacobines + Girondins = Convent (National Convention)
- execution of the king
- later new constitution (1793)
- the UK, Sardinia, Prussia, Spain declared war against France as a reaction to kings execution
- no one working on fields (every man was fighting)
- Jacobines and Girodins started rivaling
how did people control the situation in Republic
- Committee of Public Safety
- directing the army against foreign invaders and domestic enemies - Revolutional tribunal
- to judge the enemies of revolution - Jacobins arrested all Girodins and overtook the power
what is the Reign of Terror
a time period after Jacobines overtook power and executed everyone they considered an opp (around 40 000 people were executed)
what is the Thermidorian reaction
an action took after Robespierre (“leader” of Jacobines) suggested another wave of terror, all Jacobines were arrested and Girodin came back with the original goals of the revolution
How was the directory seperated
Upper House
- 250 members
- electing directors
- accepts or rejects proposed laws
Lower House
- 500 members
- creates the list of candidates fro directors
- seggests new laws
where was Napoleon born
corsica
Napoleon: mam auru
aura: nie nemas
nie: real
real: co chces
co: co
how did Napoleon gain power
after FR France was unstable and the directory was ineffective, Napoleon took advantage and overthrew the directory and created the Consulate with himself as the 1st consul
what powers did Napoleon gain by becoming the first consul
- commanded army and navy
- appointed and dismissed laws
- proposed new laws
what was the Concordat (1802)
- an agreement with the pope than church would not get its land back and in return Catholicism was accepted as the main religion
- bishops were chosen by Napoleon
- government had greater power over the church
what were the four grades of school
- primary
- secondary
- lycées (military schools)
- technical schools
name some construction projects made under Napoleons rule
- new roads, canals and bridges
- repairing Paris
- memorials to the revolution and to Napoleon himself
- new markets
- postal service
what is code napoleon (1804)
basiky napoleon giving equality to all men and telling women to “stick to knitting”
what was napoleons final battle
the battle of Leipzig = battle of nations
(1813)
Ru, Pr, Au, Sweden vs Napoleon
- the decisive defeat of Napoleon
what year was napoleon exiled on Elba
1814
