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dej > FR + Napoleon + Congress of Vienna > Flashcards

FR + Napoleon + Congress of Vienna Flashcards

1
Q

What system of government was applied before FR

A

absolute monarchy

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2
Q

What does absolute monarchy mean

A
  • king has absolute power
  • king creates rules on his own
  • no parliament / no consulting
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3
Q

What is centralized government

A

the whole country is ruled from 1 place (in France it was Versailles)

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4
Q

Why was there a bad financial situation in France before revolution

A
  • war debts (French-Indian war)
  • lavish life of higher classes
  • 2 years of draught, bad harvest
  • rise of prices of food due to bad harvest but no rise of wages
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5
Q

Name the 3 estates

A

1st - Clergy
2nd - Nobility
3rd - Bourgeoise, sans cullotes, peasants

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6
Q

define clergy

A
  • the highest estate after royal family
  • 1% of the population
  • pay no taxes
  • own 10-15% of soil
  • Higher clergy- abbots, bishops…
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7
Q

define nobility

A
  • leading positions un government, military
  • pay no taxes
  • 2% of population
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8
Q

define bourgeoise

A
  • middle class = wealthy
  • doctors, merchants, lawyers, bankers
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9
Q

define sans cullotes

A
  • urban workers = laborers, artisans, small shopkeepers
  • sans cullotes = “without breeches”
  • even tho they were relatively wealthy, they related more to peasants than higher classes
  • fought for equality
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10
Q

define sans cullotes

A
  • urban workers = laborers, artisans, small shopkeepers
  • sans cullotes = “without breeches”
  • even tho they were relatively wealthy, they related more to peasants than higher classes
  • fought for equality
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11
Q

define peasants

A
  • landless workers
  • paying taxes
  • no voice in government
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12
Q

how did FR start

A

the king created a voting system unfair to the 3rd estate while they were discussing new taxes (only the 3rd estate pays taxes)

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13
Q

what year did FR start

A

1789

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14
Q

what is National Assembly

A

a gathering where the 3rd estate tried to create new constitution

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15
Q

What is the Tennis Court Oath and why were the people in a gym

A
  • an oath to never disband until they reached their goal (new constitution)
  • king locked them out of the hall of mirrors
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16
Q

Storming of Bastille date

A

14.7.1789

17
Q

why did people attack Bastille

A

king started gathering troops and the people needed guns from Bastille

18
Q

What were the 3 stages of government created by the 3rd estate

A
  1. National Assembly
  2. Constitutional monarchy
  3. Republic
19
Q

What is significant in national assembly

A
  • established general equality (only all MEN were equal)
  • religious freedom
  • freedom of speech
  • right to hold a property
20
Q

what was significant in constitutional monarchy

A
  • the assembly is elected every 2 years
  • everyone pays taxes based on their property
  • king was still present and could aloow or delay any of the laws the assembly wants to pass
  • the royal crown is still only hereditary
  • government seperated into wings = left wing-Jacobines, right wing-Girodins
21
Q

what did the 3rd estate classes think about the changes brought by constitutional monarchy

A

Peasants
- still too poor to afford land
- didnt like changes in church
- wanted more protection against the rich

Bourgeoise
- wanted free trade and natural competition
- opposed to peasants

Sans-cullotes
- wanted no free trade
- wanted stable prices
- same goals as peasants
- supported enlighted ideas
- wanted a different government

22
Q

what was the goal of Jacobines

A
  • want to continue the revolution
  • general sufferage
  • more democratic and equal lifestyle
  • state inerference into economy (fixed prices, wages…)
23
Q

what was the goal of Girodins

A
  • free trade
  • wanted to stop the revolution
  • sufferage only to those with certain property
  • supported by bourgeoise
24
Q

what was significant in republic

A

Jacobines + Girondins = Convent (National Convention)
- execution of the king
- later new constitution (1793)
- the UK, Sardinia, Prussia, Spain declared war against France as a reaction to kings execution
- no one working on fields (every man was fighting)
- Jacobines and Girodins started rivaling

25
Q

how did people control the situation in Republic

A
  1. Committee of Public Safety
    - directing the army against foreign invaders and domestic enemies
  2. Revolutional tribunal
    - to judge the enemies of revolution
  3. Jacobins arrested all Girodins and overtook the power
26
Q

what is the Reign of Terror

A

a time period after Jacobines overtook power and executed everyone they considered an opp (around 40 000 people were executed)

27
Q

what is the Thermidorian reaction

A

an action took after Robespierre (“leader” of Jacobines) suggested another wave of terror, all Jacobines were arrested and Girodin came back with the original goals of the revolution

28
Q

How was the directory seperated

A

Upper House
- 250 members
- electing directors
- accepts or rejects proposed laws

Lower House
- 500 members
- creates the list of candidates fro directors
- seggests new laws

29
Q

where was Napoleon born

A

corsica

30
Q

Napoleon: mam auru

A

aura: nie nemas
nie: real
real: co chces
co: co

31
Q

how did Napoleon gain power

A

after FR France was unstable and the directory was ineffective, Napoleon took advantage and overthrew the directory and created the Consulate with himself as the 1st consul

32
Q

what powers did Napoleon gain by becoming the first consul

A
  • commanded army and navy
  • appointed and dismissed laws
  • proposed new laws
33
Q

what was the Concordat (1802)

A
  • an agreement with the pope than church would not get its land back and in return Catholicism was accepted as the main religion
  • bishops were chosen by Napoleon
  • government had greater power over the church
34
Q

what were the four grades of school

A
  • primary
  • secondary
  • lycées (military schools)
  • technical schools
35
Q

name some construction projects made under Napoleons rule

A
  • new roads, canals and bridges
  • repairing Paris
  • memorials to the revolution and to Napoleon himself
  • new markets
  • postal service
36
Q

what is code napoleon (1804)

A

basiky napoleon giving equality to all men and telling women to “stick to knitting”

37
Q

what was napoleons final battle

A

the battle of Leipzig = battle of nations
(1813)
Ru, Pr, Au, Sweden vs Napoleon

  • the decisive defeat of Napoleon
38
Q

what year was napoleon exiled on Elba

A

1814

dej (4 decks)

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