Ancient rome Flashcards
what 3 periods is Ancient Rome divided into
- kingdom 753 - 509 BC
- rebublic 509 - 31 BC
- roman empire 31 BC - 476 AD
according to a legend, who founded Rome
Romulus and Remus
who was responsible for building of Rome
Etruscan civilization
what was a popular entertainment in Rome
Circus Maximus
what is the name of the last Etruscan king
Tarquin the Proud
tax officials, kept record of individual’s property, What were they called
censors
5 things about the Etruscan civil.
builders of cities, own system of writing, art and culture similar to Greeks (frescos), Etruscan kings ruled over Rome for 2 centuries, skilled engineers, invented sewer system (nejdem vsetky pisať)
What is the sewer sytem called
Cloaca Maxima
What is Forum Romanum
public meeting place, heart of political and social life
define Roman republican system
mixture of monarchical, aristocratic, democratic elements
what is power of imperium
power to decide over the life and death of citizens
What was the duty of the cheif officals (two consuls)
commanded the army, directed the government
what is a dictator
leader with absolute power to make laws and command the army
what was the duty of questors
responsibility for finances
At the time of Roman Republic two social groups were at conflict, which ones
Patricians (powerful families) and Plebeians (common people)
what is the base of Roman legal system and when was it created
Laws of 12 Tables, 451 BC
plebeians formed their own assembly, what was it called
Counsil of plebeians (tribunes protected their rights)
most powerful unit in Roman society
family
how many punic wars were there
3
what was the reason behind the first punic war
Rome wanted to control Sicilly
who fought the punic wars
Rome vs Carthage
who won the first punic war
Rome (Sicilly became roman province)
who lead Carthage into the second punic war and what animal did they use
Hannibal, war elephants
discribe how the second punic war went
Hannibal, together with his 50 000 men approached Rome trough the Alps. they attacked Italy and won in battle of Cannae (216 BC). While Hannibal was in Italy Romans attacked Carthage and won in Zama (202 BC). Carthage gave up their navy and lost territories in Spain
how did the third punic war end
Romans destructed Carthage and took control over eastern Mediterranean
what does Mare Nostrum mean
our sea
Name some facts about the roman army
- All citizens who owned land had to serve in the army
- Romans organized in large military units = legions
- 6000 heavily armed foot soldiers – infantry
- Cavalry – soldiers on horses
- Military and fighting skills of Roman army was a key factor in Roman expansion
- they treated their defeated opponents generously with privileges, and tried to make them allies
what was the biggest crissis of the roman republic
farmers sold their land to wealthy families, since they had no land they couldn´t serve in the army
who tried to solve the problem with land and how
Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus, giving land to the poor (tiberius was then murdered and gaius commited)
what lead to the rebellion of the slaves in 73 BC
stable goverment replaced by dictatorship and economy depended on slave labour
who lead the slaves during the rebellion
Spartacus (former gladiator)
who formed triumvirate and when
Marcus Crassus (wealthy patrician), Pompeius (famous general), Ceasar, in 60 BC
what does “Veni, vidi, vici” mean
i came i saw i conquered
who killed ceasar and why
the senate, they didn´t like his growing power and ifluence
ceasars death resulted in…
civil war
who formed the second triumvirate and what was their goal
Octavian (ceasars nephew), Mark Anthony (former general of infantry), Lepidus (formed general), they wanted to restore peace in Republic
Octavian later accepted a new title…
Augustus
who was imperator
a person commanding supreme military
The fortified border of the Roman Empire was called…
Limes Romanus
what was the period when Caligula and Nero ruled
Period of prosperity and peace
name 3 good emperors
Nerva, Antonius Pius, Trajan, Hadrian, Marcus Aurelius
what was the purpose of the Hadrian´s Wall
built to separate the Romans from the barbarians, continuous Roman defensive barrier that guarded the north province of Britain
Which emperor came to Trenčín and named it Laugaricio
Marcus Aurelius
what assured tolerance for all religions
Edict of Milan (313 AD)
who made Christianity state religion
Theodosius
why was the Roman empire declined
Germanic tribes and the Huns invaded Roman Empire in the 400s
what 2 parts was the empire divided into
Roman Western Empire and Roman Eastern Empire
who was the last emperor of the roman western empire
Augustus
when did the roman western empire fall
476 AD
how long did the roman eastern empire last
also known as Byzantine Empire survived for more 1000 years, overtaken by Ottoman Empire in 1453
name the years to these events:
Fouding of Rome
The start of Roman Republic
Laws of Twelve Tables
Start of the 1st Punic War
Battle of Cannae
Battle of Zama
Start of the 3rd Punic War
Rebellion of the slaves
1st Triumvirate
The start of Roman Empire
Edict of Milan
The fall of Roman Western Empire
753 BC
509 BC
451 BC
264 BC
216 BC
202 BC
149 BC
73 - 71 BC
60 BC
31 BC
313 AD
476 AD
5 symbols of roman legacy
Christianity, Roman Law, Paved roads, Latin, Architecture, Literature, Roman numerals, Art, Entertainment…
