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dej > Middle ages > Flashcards

Middle ages Flashcards

1
Q

what was the symbol of the state? Who did Romans honour?

A

Gods

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2
Q

What assured toleration for all religions, who declared it and when

A

Edict of Milan, Constantine, 313 AD

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2
Q

what happened in the 1st century

A

Christianity started to spread in the Empire

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3
Q

why was christianity illegal for the first 2 centuries

A

Christians practices baptism and believed in Jesus who offered salvation

It required a moral life

Christians used Jewish sacred books and synagogues at first

They produced their own writings for teachings

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4
Q

who made christianity state religion

A

Theodosius

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5
Q

why did germanic tribes move

A

Some tribes were forced to move because they were defeated by other tribes or the Romans

Overpopulation, insufficient food

Some moved to better conditions of Roman Empire

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5
Q

what was one of the most important reasons of the transition from Ancient Times to Middle Ages

A

The great migration of the Germanic tribes

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6
Q

who lead the tribes

A

a chief – king = strongest, bravest male elected by the strongest families

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7
Q

what was the main reason for massive migration

A

arrival of the nomadic tribes 375 AD

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7
Q

where did these tribes settle

→ Angles, Saxons, Jutes
→Longobards, Ostrogots
→Visigots
→Vandals
→Franks
→Alamans, Bavarians. Markomans, Saxons
→Slavs

A

Angles, Saxons, Jutes - moved to British Islands

Longobards, Ostrogots → Italy

Visigots, → Spain

Vandals – north Africa, former Carthage

Franks settled down in France

Alamans, Bavarians. Markomans, Saxons → Austria, Germany

Slavs – central, Eastern Europe and Balkan

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7
Q

who destroyed roman empire and how

A

germanic tribes, roman military was exhausted after defeating huns

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7
Q

when did hun empire fall

A

after Attilas death

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7
Q

skibidi amonguss rizz livy dunn kevin g munting

A
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7
Q

name some facts about germanic kingdoms

A

➔ Did not last very long
➔ No geographical borders
➔ Germans were minorities and mostly merged with natives
➔ Most of the kingdoms adopted christianity
➔ Most enduring and stable kingdom was established by CLOVIS
➔ Converted to orthodox Christianity – this gave him support of Roman popes
➔ United other Frankish tribes and ruled over area = todays FRANCE

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7
Q

when did the western empire collapse

A

476 AD (germanic kingdoms were formed)

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8
Q

what are some changes caused by migration

A

➔ Disruption of trade = trade collapsed, economic centres abandoned
➔ Cities stopped being centres of administration, people moved to rural araes
➔ Decline of learning = Germanic tribes based on oral tradition, few invaders could read, only church officials were literate
➔ Loss of common Language = German speaking ppl mixed with natives, mostly Roman = French, Spanish, English formed

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9
Q

how long did the middle ages last and what are they divided into

A

from 5th to 15th cent.

  1. Early (Dark ages) = collapse of Roman Empire 476 – 11th/12th ct.
  2. High = 11th ct. – 14th ct.
  3. Late = 14th ct. – 1492 – Discovery of America by Columbus
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9
Q

what year did the middle ages end and what event is it tied to

A

1526, Battle of Mohacs

10
Q

give examples of what happened in middle ages

A
  • The intermediate period between antiquity and the Renaissance
  • Formation of economic and spiritual foundations
  • Shaping the foundations of today’s Europe
  • Road network enabled long distance trade
  • Progress in the economy – tools, technology, three-field system
  • Craftsmanship = guilds
  • Education improved, universities were established with the consent of the Pope
10
Q

Why did italians call middle ages dark?

A

because nothing really significant happened

11
Q

…were the only educated people

A

the privileged classes, later on the children of the townspeople

12
Q

what liberal art were students educated in

A

grammar, retorics, arithmetics, dialectic, geometry, astonomy, musis

12
Q

where were book transcribed

A

in monasteries (by hand)

13
Q

what is feudalism

A

Social system that existed in Middle Ages

14
Q

where did feudalism come from

A

the frankish kingdom

14
Q

what did feudalistic system mean for common men

A

the king (lord) gave land to a poor person (vassal) in exchange for some services (mostly military)

15
Q

how did the land hierarchy work

A

➢ Owner of all land in the country→ King
➢ He lent the land to his subjects as feudum = right to use a unit of land
➢ KING gave an area of land called FIFE to rich lords and nobles - in return they agreed to supply king with soldiers and horses
➢ The nobles gave some land to knights - in return they fought for nobles and king
➢ Peasants worked the land for the nobles and knights - in return they offered them protection
➢ According to the size of the land – King asked taxes
➢ Instead of regular taxes – also special at war, or marriage of daughter

16
Q

how was the society divided

A
  1. the king
  2. nobility - knights and dukes
  3. clergy - archbishops, bishops, priests, monks
  4. commons - peasants and serfs
17
Q

what two groups was nobility divided into

A
  1. upper nobility - those who inherited titles with extensive estates and slaves
  2. servant nobility - got their estates for services
18
Q

what was the problem with clergy

A

all duties were left to the lower clergy while upper clergy were enjoying themselves in immoral ways

19
Q

what was the priests income

A

tithe

20
Q

when did the black death plague come to europe

A

1347

21
Q

where did the plague come from and what part of europe was most affected

A

came from central asia (india, china), mainly western europe (started in italy)

22
Q

what did the plague change

A
  • reduced the population by a third
  • villiges were abandoned
  • price of labour rising
  • unhappy people moved away
  • tension building and revolts
  • nobility was scared and started issuing many laws
23
Q

describe the layout of towns in middle ages

A

➢ Square with market, stone church, townhall, well built stone houses
➢ Further from town centre – middle class houses – craftsmen
➢ Town schools, Christian universities
➢ Narrow, muddy, dirty streets = waste thrown out of windows
➢ No sewage, no public lights → dangerous
➢ Rats, mice → fleas → plague
➢ No running water, very poor hygiene, lice

24
Q

name some facts about guilds

A
  • merchants and craftsmen assosiations
  • shoemakers, blacksmiths, bakers, tailors…
  • no one outside the guild could practice particular trade
  • skilled craftsmen taught the craft to children, they also used them for small jobs until they could master the craft
  • specialized craftsmen started to settle near castles, monasteries, trade crossroads
25
Q

name the royal rights

A

➢ Right to local self-government = own council with elected royal magistrate
➢ Market right – to have markets on many days not only SUN
➢ Mile right – no other craftsman could settle in a circle of 1 mile from town
➢ Right to mint coins
➢ Right to build City walls
➢ Brewing right – to brew beer
➢ Capital right – own justice with vulgar women or unruly craftsmen

26
Q

when did the gothic style appear

A

10th century in France, 1200 - 1500

27
Q

name some sybolic traits of gothic architecture

A

Slim pillars, pointed arches, large stained glass windows, ornate decorations

28
Q

who built the tallest wooden gothic altar in the world and how tall was it

A

Majster Pavol z Levoče, 18.62m

29
Q

name some facts about jew and their lives in the middle ages

A

➢ Blaming for the death of Jesus Christ
➢ Could not own land
➢ Could not do crafts
➢ Lived secluded in ghettos
➢ Only trade and illegal interest
➢ 13th ct → a yellow hat and a star
➢ Pursued by Christians for spreading of diseases
➢ Kings protected them bc they borrowed money

30
Q

where did jews live

A

in towns

31
Q

where did gypsies live

A

coutryside

32
Q

where did gypsies come from and when did they come to europe

A

India, 14th - 15th century

dej (4 decks)

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