Napoleon and Europe Flashcards
Napoleon and Europe, 1/26
Girondin blamed for failing to stabilize government after death of King
Marat was assassinated, framed as though he is Jesus Christ, revolution wanted to manipulate this Christian iconography
The people called for Girondins to be arrested in the national convention, all executed
Committee of Public Safety began the government of France
Robespierre joins the committee, becomes leader
Revolution based on freedom and liberty turned into terror
Robespierre later sent to the guillotine with his followers
The Directory, new form of government, consisted of two chambers of parliament
Lower house larger than upper house, latter chose the executive that consisted of 6 members
Royalists and Jacobins accused the Directory of not being dedicated to Revolution
Second Directory established, three men including Napoleon stage a coup
France would then be ruled by a Consulate of three, Napoleon being 1st Consul
Napoleon was a child of revolution, lieutenant in 1789m came to providence after siege of Toulon
Continued being promoted, demonstrated that he was the best general France ever had, defeated Austria, overran Egypt
Napoleon learned Greek, Demotic, and Hieroglyphic during his travels
He streamlined government, appointed prefects throughout France, established Council of State
However, there was still foreign wars and religious turmoil, Napoleon forced Austria to accept Treaty of Luneville
Sold Louisiana to US, attempted to subdue revolt in Santa Domingo, defeated
Catholicism recognized as religion of majority of the French
Church had to accept loss of property, government took control of education
Clergy required to swear oath of loyalty
Organic Articles restricted power of Church, remained basis of Church-state relations
Napoleonic Code published when Napoleon became Consul for life
Resumed war with Britain, created a trade blockade to starve British
Russia, Austria, Prussia, mobilized to stop France
Napoleon annexed the Papal States because pope was imprisoned in France
Napoleon was excommunicated, attempted to invade Russia, failed, million died
Defeat brought France to where it used to be
Napoleon and Europe, 1/31
Reconstructed his image in heroic and legendary fashion
Exile to Elba was spent having his version of events recorded
Narrative of Napoleon emerged as him being consistent supporter of revolution
History called Memorial de Sainte Helene, showed he was man of the left
Revolution was immortal, politics and ambitions were complementary
Memorial aimed to present Napoleon in a good light, to absolve him for his wrongdoings
Known as a living hero, placed alongside Alexander the Great
Left a political legacy, Bonapartism became a strong political tradition
Napoleon believed linking strong personal authority to popular support was necessary
