Era of National Unification Flashcards
The Era of National Unification, 2/23
Change occurring, ambitions of liberal nationalism
Crimean War 1853-56, war to restrict Russian influence in ottoman empire
Austria remained neutral, politically supported France and Britain
Hundreds of thousands died between allied casualties, in hundreds of thousands
Russia lost title of strong man in Europe, political reform began to spread in ottoman and Russian empires
Europe destabilized, viceroy of Egypt pushed for the Suez Canal, France initiated, Britain opposed it due to slave labor
Effect on trade is dramatic, completion of US Continental Railroad
France political problems at home, Emperor Napoleon III initially popular, more liberal but dangerous foreign policy
Pushed into Mexico to support allies, executed
Prussia under leadership of Otto Von Bismarck
Germany and France great rivals, tension gave rise to Franco-Prussian war, immediate proposal to place Prussian prince on throne of Spain
Prince Leopold withdrew, France demanded that Prussia never attempted another attack
France was insulted by situation, declared war on Prussia
Napoleon went into exile, France declared a republic
Italy had no single government, France became involved
Carbonari, revolutionary conspirators, failure of uprising led to Young Italy (political movement), led by Giuseppe
Italy later under leadership of Cavour, wealthy man, became a liberal and allied with France to defeat Austria
Austria defeated, peace with Napoleon, Austria still maintained territory in Italy
Giuseppe landed with troops in Sicily, Little Italy vs Italy
Prussia and Austria at war, Prussia aided by Italy, who won Venetia during the war
Garibaldi attempts to take Rome, France troops withdraw from Rome, king excommunicated
German unification transformed balance of Europe, masterminded by Bismarck, who attempted to make Germany great again
War with Austria occurred over administration, Treaty of Prague occurred that excluded them from German affairs
King of Prussia given title German Emperor, 2nd Reich in effect, vast natural resources, sophisticated education system, one of best armies and navy to rival the British
Changes in Russia happened despite absolute monarchy
Changes in army of Russia, Poland remained problem
European political structure established, Nationalism and democracy shaped such, but social unrest caused by workers seeking greater economic and political gains
