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History 2017 > Napoleon > Flashcards

Napoleon Flashcards

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1
Q

What was napoleons occupation

A

He was emperor of france

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2
Q

When was he born

A

August 15, 1769 at Ajaccio, Corsica, France

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3
Q

When did he die

A

May 5, 1821 at St. Helena, United Kingdom

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4
Q

What was he best known for

A

A brilliant military commander, conquered much of Europe

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5
Q

What was his nickname

A

Little corporal

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6
Q

Where did Napoleon grow up

A

He was born on the island Corsica. His father, Carlo, was an important attorney who represented Corsica at the court of the French King.

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7
Q

How many siblings did he have

A

He had four brothers and three sisters including an older named Joseph

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8
Q

Why was napoleon able to attend school and get a good education

A

They were fairly wealthy.

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9
Q

Where did Napoleon go after he school

A

He went to a military academy in France and trained to become an officer in the army

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10
Q

What did napoleon do when his father died

A

He returned to Corsica to help handle the famiy’s affairs.

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11
Q

What did Napoleon become involved with when he returned to Corsica

A

With a local revolutionary named Pasquale Paola. For a while napoleon helped him in fighting against the French occupation of Corsica. However, later he changed sides and returned to france.

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12
Q

What was happening in france when napoleon returned to Corsica

A

The French Revolution occurred in Paris. The people revolted against the king of france and took control of the country.

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13
Q

What did napoleon do when he returned to france

A

He joined the jacobins. He received a position as the artillary commander at the Seige of Toulon

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14
Q

What was the Siege of Toulon

A

Toulon was occupied by British troops and the British navy had control over the port. Napoleon thought of a strategy to defeat the British and force them out of the port.

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15
Q

What did he receive after the Siege of Toulon

A

His military leadership was recognized by the leaders of france. At the age of 24 he was promoted to the position of brigadier general

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16
Q

What was he given control of in 1796

A

He was given command of the French army in Italy.

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17
Q

What did he find when he arrived in Italy

A

He found the army to be poorly organized and they lost to the Austrians. He used superior organization to move troops rapidly around the battlefield so they would always outnumber the enemy. He soon drove the Austrians out Italy and became a national hero

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18
Q

What was happening in france when napoleon returned from leading a military expiation in Egypt.

A

The political climate was changing. The directory was loosing power. Napoleon, his brother and other allies formed a new government called the consulate

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19
Q

What was the consulate made up

A

Initially, it was supposed to be three consuls at the head of the government, but napoleon gave himself the title of first consul.

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20
Q

What essentially made him a dictator

A

His powers as first consul

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21
Q

What three reforms did napoleon make as the director of france

A
  • The Napoleonic Code
  • Improved French economy
  • re-established the captain church as the official state religion, but still allowed for freedom of religion
  • Set up non religious schools
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22
Q

What was the napoleonic code

A

It said that government positions wouldn’t be based on birth or religion, but rather on qualifications and ability.

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23
Q

What was it like before the napoleonic code

A

High positions were given to aristocrats by the king in return for favors. This often led to incompetent people in important positions

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24
Q

How did napoleon improve the french economy

A

He built new roads and encouraged business.

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25
Q

Why did napoleon set up non-religious schools

A

So that anyone could get an education

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26
Q

What was different about napoleon’s coronation

A

He was crowned the first Emperor of France. He took the crown from the Pope and crowned himself. This showed everyone that no one was above him.

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27
Q

Initially, napoleon maintained peace in Europe. What did he do soon after that

A

France was soon at war with Britain, Austria and Russia

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28
Q

What did napoleon decide to do after loosing the navel battle of Trafalgar against Britain

A

He decided to attack Austria. He defeated both the Austrian and Russian armies at the Battle of Austerlitz.

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29
Q

At France’s greatest extent, how much land was controlled by France

A

It controlled much of Europe from Spain to the borders of Russia (not including Britain)

30
Q

What was napoleon’s first major mistake

A

When he decided to invade Russia.

31
Q

Why was invading Russia such a big mistake

A

Many of the men of the army starved to death along the way. After a fierce battle with the Russian army, they entered Moscow, only to find most of it burning and deserted. This meant that the french army couldn’t stay in Moscow (or use its supplies) and had to retreat. Napoleon hadn’t planned for this, so they did not have warm winter clothes, or enough supplies to get them through the harsh Russian winter.

32
Q

How many people were in the Grand army

A

Around 500 000 men

33
Q

Who were in the grand army

A

Men of all ages. French men and men from other countries that he had conquered.

34
Q

What was the problem with using men from other countries in the grand army

A

There was a language barrier and there was lack of unity and loyalty to the french army. They lacked passion.

35
Q

Where did the french and Russian army clash

A

100 miles from Moscow at Borodino

36
Q

What did the Russian army decide to do as the french army came closer.

A

They decided to retreat and use the scorched earth policy so that the french army couldn’t live off of the land.

37
Q

What was Moscow like when napoleon’s army reached it

A

It was deserted (people had gone to the countryside)

38
Q

What was napoleon’s plan when he reached Moscow

A

Take over and rule Russia from the Kremlin

39
Q

What is the Kremlin

A

The head quarters of Russia. It is a palace.

40
Q

What were the Russian Cossacks

A

They are Russian military warriors on horseback.

41
Q

Why did so many french army men die

A

They ran out of supplies, it was cold, they has to fight Russian Cossacks, they had to cross Beresina river

42
Q

Roughly how many men returned to france

A

20 00 (4%-6%)

43
Q

Who saved napoleon and made sure he was returned safely to france

A

Marshall Nay

44
Q

What did napoleon’s attempted invasion of Russia show france

A

That napoleon could be beaten

45
Q

What did the rest of Europe do in response to napoleon’s defeats

A

They turned on france

46
Q

Who was in the 6th coalition

A

Britain
Austria
Prussia
Sweden

47
Q

What was the next battle that napoleon was bereaved at

A

He was defeated at the battle of the nations

48
Q

What do the British do after they defeat him at the battle of the nations

A

They exile him to the island of Elba.

49
Q

What did the British allow napoleon to keep when he was exiled to Elba

A

The allowed him to remain emperor and to have some of the french arm men.

50
Q

Who came into power in France when napoleon was exiled

A

King Louis 18

51
Q

What was king Louis’ rule like

A

It was aa constitutional monarchy, not an absolute one

52
Q

What things did king Louis 18 do that made people not like him

A
  • He abolished the tricolor, which was a symbol of democracy and the French Revolution
  • causes many of the soldiers do retire
  • he cut the pay of the soldiers that he did keep ( by about a half )
  • he takes away the land that had been given to the peasants, and returns it to the nobles and the chrich
53
Q

What does returning the land cause

A

It cause the nobles that had left france to return

54
Q

what is the Hundred Days

A

It is a period of about 100 days in which napoleon returns to Paris with his army. He is met with the rest of the french army, who have been instructed to capture or kill napoleon. They remember that it was better when napoleon was in power, and they join forces with him. The hundred days is when napoleon retook control over Paris.

55
Q

What did the rest of Europe do when they saw that napoleon had returned

A

They gathered their armies and met him Waterloo. Napoleon was defeated and was forced into exile

56
Q

Where was he exiled to the second time

A

He was exiled to Saint Helena

57
Q

Where is Waterloo

A

In Belgium

58
Q

What privileges did napoleon get when he was exiled to Saint Helena

A

None. Saint Helena was deliberately far away from Paris, so they napoleon couldn’t easily return. He did not keep the title of emperor

59
Q

What age did napoleon die and how

A

He died after 6 years of exile on Saint Helena. He died at age 51 and most probably from arsenic poisoning or stomach cancer

60
Q

Where are his remains

A

In France, Les Invelides in Paris

61
Q

What was another thing that napoleon was famous for

A

Being short (5-6 inches tall). This is short for now, but then, he probably would have been average height

62
Q

What is a napoleon complex

A

It is something you say to someone who is overcompensating for being short

63
Q

What was napoleon’s birth name

A

Napoleone di Buonaparte. He changed his name to be more french Synge moved to mainland France

64
Q

Who was napoleons first wife, and why did he divorce her

A

His first wife was Josephine. He divorced her because she didn’t give give him an heir to the throne

65
Q

What was Josephine;s past

A

She was previously married and had children. She loved flowers

66
Q

Who did napoleon marry after he divorced Josephine

A

Marie Louise of Austria.

67
Q

What was Beethoven going to do

A

He was going to dedicate his third symphony to napoleon, but changed his mind when napoleon crowned himself emperor.

68
Q

What was napoleon good at

A

He was good at writing and he wrote a romance novel called Clisson et Eugenie

69
Q

What were three of napoleon’s military achievements

A
  1. The commanded the french troops that ousted the British at Toulon
  2. Italian campaign
  3. Egyptian campaign
70
Q

Where else was napoleon defeated

A

At the battle of the Nile by Haratio Nelson

71
Q

Why did napoleon decide to invade Egypt

A

Because he wanted to harm the British

History 2017 (16 decks)

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