Medieval Period Flashcards
What was Europe not called in the medieval and the Renaissance period
It was not called an empire, but a collection of kingdoms
What are the three names for the Middle Ages
The Middle Ages, the dark ages and the medieval period
When did the Middle Ages start and end
500 AD- 1500AD
What are the start and end dates when referring to the dark ages
500 AD - 1000 AD
What followed the fall of the Roman Empire
The Middle Ages
What was lost after the fall of the Roman Empire
A lot of the roman culture and knowledge, that included art, technology, history and engineering.
why was the Middle Ages sometimes called the dark ages
because historians do not have many facts o what happened during the Middle Ages
what was the government and society based around during the Middle Ages
the fuedal system
what did The Lord do
he lived in a manor house and all the peasants lived in small communities around the manor. The Lord owned the land and everything in it. he would keep peasants safe in return for their service. The Lord woul provide the king with soldiers or taxes
what was land granted for under the feudal system
it was granted for service. the king granted land to a baron for soldiers. peasants got land to grow crops.
what was the manor
it was the centre of life in the Middle Ages. was run by the local lord who lived in a castle or mansion. people would gather in the castle/mansion for celebrations or for protection.
what was in the small village that formed around the castle/ mansion
local church, farms, the blacksmith, mill, serfs houses
what was the order of the hierarchy
king bishop baron lord peasants/serfs
who was the king
top leader of the land. he divided the land amongst the barons. barons pledged loyalty and soldiers to the king.
what happened when the king died
his firstborn son wold inherit the throne.
what was it called when one family stayed in power for a long time
a dynasty
who was the bishop
the top church leader in the kingdom and managed an area called a diocese. the Catholic Church was very powerfull, which made the bishop powerful.
why was the Catholic Church powerful
the church received a tithe of 10% from everyone
who was the baron
they ruled large areas of land called fiefs and reported directly to the king. they divided up the land between lords. they maintained the army that was at the king’s service
what would happen if the barons did not have an army
they would pay the king tax. the tax was called shield money
who was The Lord
he ran a local manor. they were nights and could be called into battle at any moment by their baron. the lords owned everything on their land including easans, crops and village
who were the peasants
they were also known as serfs. they made up the majority of the people during the Middle Ages. they ha very rough lives
what were free peasants
they were peasants who could own their own business like carpeters, bakers and blacksmiths
what were other peasants like
they were like slaves. they owned nothing and were pledged to their local lord. they worked long days, 6 days a week and often didn’t have enough food to survive
who was the land worked by
peasants. 90% of the people worked the land as peasants
how long did serfs live
they worked hard and usually died before the age of 30
what was the divine right
the belief that kings were given the right to rule by God
what was life in the country like
most of the people lived in the country and worked as farmers. local lord lived in large house called a manor or a castle. local peasants worked land for lord. peasants worked hard the whole year. some peasants had gardens in which they grew vegetables and fruits and some kept a few animals such as cows and sheep
what kind of crops did serfs work all year to produce
barley, wheat and oats
what oaths did the barons and the lords swear to the king
oaths of homage and fealty
who held the court and decided punishments for crime
The Lord
what was life in the city like
it was very different from country life, but it wasn’t much easier. they were crowded and dirty. many people worked as craftsmen and were members of a guild. boys served as apprentices learning a craft.
what were some other jobs in the city
merchants, bakers, doctors, and lawyers
what were their homes like
most people lived in small houses with one or two rooms. everyone usually slept in the same room. in the country, the animals might have also lived inside. the house was usually dark, smokey from the fire, and overcrowded.
what did they wear
most peasants wore plain clothes made from heavy wool to keep warm in winter, the wealthy wore nicer clothes made from fine wool, velvet and silk.
what did men usually wear
they generally wore tunics, woolen stockings, breeches, and a cloak
what did woman usually wear
a long skirt called a kirtle, an apron, woolen stockings and a cloak
what did peasants eat
they didn’t have a lot of variety in their meals. they mostly ate bread and vegetable stew. they would sometimes flavor the stew with a bit of meat or bones. meat, cheese and eggs were saved for special occasions. leftover meat was smoked or salted to preserve it. the bread they eat was made out of wheat that had not been ground down a lot. this caused the bread to be very coarse and was often so rough that it damaged the serfs teeth
what did nobles eat
they ate a wide variety of food including meats and sweet puddings
did children go to school
very few people went to scholl. most peasants learned their jobs and how to survive from their parents. some children became apprentices.
did wealthy children go to school
they often learned through a tutor. there were also schools run by the church. the first universities also began during the Middle Ages
what would happen if a peasant was caught hunting on the lord’s land
they would be killed
what would doctors sometimes use to heal diseases
the doctor would sometimes put leaches on the person and bleed them
what did most people drink
they would mostly dink wine or ale. they did not drink as much water because the water was dirty and often made them sick
what were marriages like
they were often arranged, especially for nobles. noble girls would Mary at 12 and boys at 14
what were the two ways that a man could become a knight
they could earn the right on a battle field by showing bravery. he could be awarded this by the king, a lord or another knight. the second way was to become an apprentice to a knight and earn a title through hard work and training
why could some people not become knights
because they could not afford it. you had to have enough money for a horse, armor and weapons
what would happen when a boy decided that he wanted to become a knight
he would go and live in a household of a knight when he was 7.
what were the stages of becoming a knight
page - age 7
squire- age 15
knight - age 21
what did a page do
a page was basically a servant. he learned the proper way to behave, good maners, and began to train to fight
what did a squire do
a page would become a squire at the age of 15. the young man would take care of the knight’s horsese, clean his armor an weapons, and accompany the knight to the battle field. they had to be ready to fight
when did most squires become knights
at the age of 21
what did squires learn about from the night
about castle and siege warfare
where does the word squir come from
the french word meaning ‘ shield-bearer’
what would happen to wealthy knights
they had several pages and squires to assist them
what would knights do when not fighting war
they would need to hone their skills. they did this by holding tounaments and jousting
what were tournaments
they were fake battles between two groups of knights ( typically from different areas )
