nanotechnology

Question 1

the application of nanoscience to develop new materials and products, involving manipulation of matter at nanometre scale

Answer 1

nanotechnology

Question 2

the study of material and processes on nanometre scale

Answer 2

nanoscience

Question 3

nanotechnology processing examples?

Answer 3

nanoscale rxn engineering, heat/mass transfer, homogenization, sel-assembly

Question 4

nanotechnology food safety/biosecurity examples?

Answer 4

nanosensors, nanotracers

Question 5

nanomaterials examples?

Answer 5

nanoparticles, nano-emulsions, nanocomposites, nanostructured materials

Question 6

example of “old” nanotechnology?

Answer 6

Faraday’s gold, DNA structure discovery, drug delivery systems

Question 7

examples of nano in food?

Answer 7

casein micelles and submicelles, fat crystal network

Question 8

how is nanotech used in food packaging?

Answer 8

nanocomposites (strength, barrier), active packaging (anti-microbe), intelligent packaging (sense enviro)

Question 9

nanocomposites made up of:

Answer 9

polymer matrix reinforced with nano-filler (fibre, platelet, particle with at least one dimension in nanometer scale)

Question 10

examples of nanofillers?

Answer 10

layered inorgnic solids/clays like MMT (montmorillonite)

Question 11

examples of bio-polymers:

Answer 11

polysacc, proteins, synth biopolymers (polylactic acid)

Question 12

types of nanocomposites between polymers and layered silicates:

Answer 12

phase separated, intercalated, exfoliated

Question 13

how is nanocomposite made?

Answer 13

polymer pellets+MMT powder–>extruder–>cooling roll–>solid sheets–>thermoforming thru pressing/drawing

Question 14

how to calculate tortuosity factor?

Answer 14

= actual travel distance by penetrant / shortest travel distance in absence of any barrier

Question 15

why use nanocomposites in food packaging?

Answer 15

^ moisture sensitivity, better barrier, flexibility, ^ thermal stability

Question 16

is a higher Tortuosity factor better?

Answer 16

yes, has higher barrier properties

Question 17

type of nanocomposite that has largest tortuosity factor?

Answer 17

exfoliated

Question 18

how is nanolaminated emulsion created?

Answer 18

O/W emulsion stabilized by - charge protein, + charged biopolymer added to deposit on - charge droplet, coat w/ another - layer

Question 19

by decreasing size of droplets, liquid can become solid _____

Answer 19

nanogel

Question 20

significant increase in ___ content was found in vegetables wrapped in packaging materials made of ____ nanocomposites

Answer 20

silicon; MMT (montmorillonite)

Question 21

smaller nanoparticles, ____ migratability

Answer 21

higher

Question 22

___ nanoparticles become easily trapped in cationic charged mucus layer of GI, while ___ particles can escape

Answer 22

cationic; anionic

Question 23

feeding rats with gold nanoparticles led to deposition of metals in:

Answer 23

kidney, liver, brain, other organs

Question 24

potential toxicity of nanoparticles is based on?

Answer 24

oxidative stress it causes in cells–>potential for cancer, CNS, Parkinson’s, Alzheimers (smaller particles is more harmful); influence GI (insoluble), damage DNA (metal oxide)–>depend on chem composition