Naming Compounds

Question 1

naming binary acids

Answer 1

contain H and a non-metal

named as follows:
hydro + nonmetal stem + -ic acid

ex) H₂S = hydrosulfuric acid

ex) HCl = hydrochloric acid

ex) H₃Te = hydrotelluric acid

Question 2

naming oxoacids

Answer 2

contain H and a polyatomic group (oxoacid = anion containing nm + oxygen)

named as follows:
polyatomic group stem + (-ite > ous) acid
polyatomic group stem + (-ate >* ic*) acid
no hydro prefix

ex) HNO₃ = nitric acid (NO₃ = nitrate)
ex) HClO₄ = perchloric acid (ClO₄ = chlorate)
ex) H₃PO₃ = phosphorous acid (PO₃= phosphite)

Question 3

molecular compounds

Answer 3

composed of two or more nonmetals

ex) CO₂
ex) H₂O

Question 4

ionic compounds

Answer 4

metal + nonmetal
(cation + anion)

ex) Cl^-
ex) SO₄^2-

Question 5

naming compounds with transition metals

Answer 5

cation charge = -(anion subscript) x (anion charge)/(cation subscript)

using roman numerals in paraenthesis

ex) CrBr₃ = chromium (III) bromide

Question 6

naming binary molecular compounds

Answer 6

contain only 2 elements, but 2 nonmetals

1st nonmetal retains the name and 2nd nonmetal has an -ide suffix added to the stem of the name

here, numerical prefixes are used to indicate the number of atoms of each element present

ex) BCl₃ = boron trichloride
ex) P₂O₃ = diphosphorous trioxide
ex) SF₆ = sulfur hexafluoride

Question 7

naming non-binary ionic compounds

Answer 7

contain 3 or more elements: a metal and a poly-atomic group

named as follows:

metal name + name of polyatomic group (no numeric prefixes, no -ide suffixes)

ex) CaSO₄ = calcium sulfate
ex) Al(NO₃)₃= aluminum nitrate
ex) K₃PO₄ = potassium phosphate

Question 8

naming binary ionic compounds

Answer 8

binary ionic compounds: 2 different elements; a metal and a nonmental; ionic usually means having a metal

metals retain the name
ex) sodium (just written as is) in sodium chloride (NaCl)

nonmetal have an -ide suffix to the stem of the name
ex) sulfide, nitride, chloride

KCl - potassium chloride
Na₂S = sodium sulfide
Ca₃N₂ = calcium nitride