Name that Bug! Flashcards
1
Q
Lacks muramic acid in its cell wall?
A
Chlamydia
2
Q
Lacks sterols in its cell membrane?
A
Mycoplasma
3
Q
Stained by Giemsa? (5)
A
Chlamydia, Rickettsiae, Trypanosomes, Plasmodium, Borrelia
4
Q
Stained by Ziehl-Neelsen? (2)
A
Nocardia, Mycobacterium (acid fast!)
5
Q
Stained by India Ink or mucicarmine?
A
Cryptococcus
6
Q
Stained by silver?
A
Fungi (esp. pneumocystis), Legionella, H. pylori
7
Q
Cultured on chocolate agar including Factors V/X (NAD/hematin)?
A
H. flu
8
Q
Cultured on Thayer-Martin (VPN) media?
A
Neisseria
9
Q
Cultured on Bordet-Gengou agar?
A
Bordetella pertussis
10
Q
Cultured on Tellurite/Loffler medium?
A
C. Diphtheriae
11
Q
Cultured on Lowenstein-Jenson agar?
A
M. tuberculosis
12
Q
Cultured on Eaton agar with cholesterol?
A
Mycoplasma
13
Q
Pink on MacConkey agar?
A
Lactose fermentors
- Fast - E. coli, Klebsiella, Enterobacter
- Slow - Citrobacter, Serratia, Others
14
Q
Metallic sheen on EMB agar?
A
E. coli
15
Q
Cultured on charcoal yeast extract agar with cysteine/iron?
A
Legionella
16
Q
Cultured on Sabouraud agar?
A
Fungi
17
Q
Obligate aerobes (4)
A
Nagging Pests Must Breathe
- Nocardia
- Pseudomonas
- Mycobacteria
- Bacillus
18
Q
Obligate anaerobes (3)
A
Can’t Breathe Air
- Clostradium
- Bacteriodes
- Actinomyces
(lack catalase, SOD; resistant to aminoglycosides due to o2-dependent transport)
19
Q
Facultative Intracellular (8)
A
Listen Sally Yer Friend Bruce Must Leave Now
Listeria, Salmonella, Yersinia, Francisella, Brucella, Mycobacteria, Legionella, Neisseria
20
Q
Encapsulated Bacteria (7) - sickle cell, splenectomy
A
SHiNE SKiS
S. pneumoniae, H. Flu, N. Meningitis, E. coli, Salmonella, Klebsiella, Strep (Group B)
21
Q
Catalase-positive organisms (7) - CGD
A
PLACESS for your “cats”
Pseudomonas, Listeria, Aspergillus, Candida, E. coli, S. aureus, Serratia
22
Q
Urease-positive organisms (7)
A
PUNCH & KiSS
Proteus, Ureaplasma, Nocardia, Cryptococcus, H. pylori // Klebsiella, S. epidermidis, S. saprophyticus
23
Q
Yellow sulfur granules
A
Actinomyces israeli
24
Q
Yellow pigment
A
S. aureus
25
Blue-green pigment
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
26
Red pigment
Serratia marcescens
27
Protein A (Fc region of IgG)
S. aureus
28
M protein
Group A strep
29
IgA protease
SHiN - S.pneumo, H.flu, Neisseria
30
Toxin inactivating EF-2 by ADP-ribosylation --| protein synthesis
C. diphtheriae, P. aeruginosa
31
Toxin inactivating 60S ribosome by removing adenine from 28S rRNA --| protein synthesis
Shigella, EHEC (O157:H7)
32
Phage-encoded toxins (6)
ABCDES
| - Group A Strep, Bordetella pertussis, Cholera, Diphtheria, EHEC (O157:H7), Shigella
33
Toxins inhibiting protein synthesis (4)
C. diphtheriae, Pseudomonas, Shigella, EHEC (O157:H7)
34
Toxins increasing fluid secretion (4)
ETEC (x2), B. anthracis, V. cholerae, B. cereus
35
Toxins inhibiting phagocytic ability (1)
B. pertussis
36
Toxins inhibiting release of neurotransmitter (2)
Botulinum, Tetanus
37
Toxins lysing cell membranes (3)
B. cereus, C. perfringens, S. pyogenes
38
Toxins that serve as superantigens (2)
S. aureus, S. pyogenes (x2)
39
Toxins that serve as proteases (5)
Botulinum toxin and tetanus toxin
LF (lethal factor) of Bacillus anthracis cleaves MAPK
Exfoliatin of Staphylococcus aureus cleaves desmoglein
Exotoxin B (SpeB) of certain "flesh-eating" strains of Streptococcus pyogenes
40
Ability for transformation
SHiN organisms
41
Transfer of plasmid genes only
F+ x F-
42
Transfer of plasmid and chromosomal genes
Hfr x F-
43
Generalized transduction
"Packaging" event, lytic phage
44
Specialized transduction
"Excision" event, lysogenic phage
45
Pneumonia after flu
S. aureus
46
Toxic shock syndrome, scalded skin syndrome, rapid-onset food poisoning
S. aureus
47
pyrrolidonyl arylamidase- gram+
S. aureus
48
pyrrolidonyl arylamidase+ gram+
S. pyogenes
49
2nd MCC of UTI in young woman
S. saprophyticus
50
1st MCC of UTI in young woman
E. coli
51
MOPS (meningitis, otitis media, pneumonia, sinusitis)
S. pneumoniae
52
Lancet-shaped gram+ diplococci
S. pneumoniae
53
"Rusty sputum" pneumonia, sickle cell sepsis
S. pneumoniae
54
Binds to fibrin-platelet aggregates on exposed subendothelial GAGs via dextrans
S. viridans (S. sanguinis)
55
Dental caries
S. viridans (S. mutans)
56
Pyogenic, toxigenic, and immunologic diseases associated
S. pyogenes
57
M protein (--| alternative complement)
S. pyogenes
58
+ ASO titer
S. pyogenes
59
Scarlet rash with strawberry tongue, sandpaper-like texture, circumoral pallor with desquamation after week #1
S. pyogenes (Scarlet Fever)
60
Severe pain/swelling --> hypotension/fever (sepsis)
S. pyogenes (Necrotizing fasciitis)
61
Group A Strep Glomerulonephritis
Impetigo > Pharyngitis
62
Rheumatic Fever
Pharyngitis (GAS)
63
Pneumonia, meningitis, and sepsis in a baby
GBS
64
Produces CAMP factor and enlargens area of hemolysis formed by S. aureus
GBS
65
Hippurate test +
GBS
66
Intrapartum penicillin prophylaxis
GBS
67
Subacute endocarditis following GI/GU procedure
Enterococci
68
Grow in 6.5% NaCl and bile both
Enterococci
69
VRE
Enterococci (vancomycin-resistant)
70
Bacteremia and subacute endocarditis in colon cancer patients
S. bovis
71
Sore throat, lymphadenopathy, myocarditis, arrhythmias
C. diphtheriae
72
Metachromatic (blue/red) granules
C. diphtheriae
73
Elek test +
C. diphtheriae
74
Throat exudate with fibrin, leuks, bacteria, and necrotic epithelium
C. diphtheriae
75
"Chinese letter" appearance with V/Y chains
C. diphtheriae
76
Spastic paralysis, trimus, risus sardonicus
Tetanus
77
Floppy baby syndrome, flaccid paralysis
Botulinum
78
Double zone of clearing on blood agar
C. perfringens
79
Late onset food poisoning with transient watery diarrhea
C. perfringens
80
Enterotoxin and cytotoxin
C. difficile
81
Pseudomembranes in colon
C. difficile
82
2/2 clindamycin and ampicillin use
C. difficile
83
Toxic megacolon if untreated
C. difficile
84
Only bacterium with polypeptide capsule
B. anthracis
85
D. glutamate capsule
B. anthracis
86
Hemorrhagic mediastinitis (wide on CXR)
B. anthracis
87
"Medusa head colonies"
B. anthracis
88
Black eschar
B. anthracis
89
Spore-forming organisms
Bacillus, Clostridium
90
Fever, pulmonary hemorrhage, mediastinitis, shock
Woolsorter's disease - B. anthracis
91
Reheated rice syndrome
B. cereus
92
Cereulide toxin
B. cereus (Emetic Type)
93
N&V within 5 hours
B. cereus (Emetic Type)
94
NB diarrhea within 5-18 hours
B. cereus (Diarrhetic Type)
95
Narrow zone of beta-hemolysis on blood agar
Listeria
96
Immotile at 37 C, tumbling motility at 22 C
Listeria
97
Survives refrigeration (4 C)
Listeria
98
Unpasteurized dairy and deli products, transplacental, or vaginal transmission during birth
Listeria
99
Actin rocket tails to escape phagosome-->cytosol
Listeria
100
Only gram+ to produce LPS
Listeria
101
Granulomatosis infantiseptica, amnionitis, septicemia, meningitis (neonatal + immunocompromised)
Listeria
102
SNAP
Sulfonamides for Nocardia, Penicillin for Actinomyces
103
Gram+ anaerobe, non-acid fast, with branching filaments
Actinomyces
104
Normal oral flora
Actinomyces
105
Oral/facial abscesses and IUD infections
Actinomyces
106
Gram+ aerobe, acid fast, with branching filaments
Nocardia
107
Found in soil
Nocardia
108
Pulmonary infections in compromised and cutaneous infections post-trauma in immunocompetent
Nocardia
109
Caseating granulomas
TB
110
Fibrocaseous cavitary lesion in upper lobe
TB
111
Prophylaxis with azithromycin
MAI
112
Disseminated non-TB disease in AIDS
MAI
113
Fever, night sweats, weight loss, hemoptysis
TB
114
Cord factor, sulfatides in virulent strains
TB (prevents macrophage maturation and induce TNFa release; inhibits phagolysomal fusion)
115
Acid-fast bacillus that <3 cool temperatures
M. leprae
116
"Glove and stocking" loss of sensation
M. leprae
117
Reservoir in armadillos
M. leprae
118
Leonine facies, communicable, low-cell mediated immunity, hair loss, blindness
M. leprae (lepromatous)
119
Hypoesthetic, hairless skin plaques, few in #, strong cell-mediated immunity
M. leprae (tuberculoid)
120
Bacteria invading Schwann cells
M. leprae
121
Treated with dapsone, rifampin for tuberculoid form
M. leprae
122
Treated with dapsone, rifampin, and clofazimine for lepratomous form
M. leprae
123
MCC acute gastroenteritis in US
C. jejuni
124
Ox+, comma-shaped, corkscrew motility, grows at 42C
C. jejeuni
125
Ox+, comma-shaped, grows in alkaline media
V. cholerae
126
Infects with 10^6 organisms
V. cholerae
127
Infects with 10 organisms
Shigella
128
Infects with 500 organisms
C. jejuni
129
Infects with 1 organism
Entamoeba, Giardia
130
Infects with 10^7 organisms
Salmonella
131
Pleiomorphic gram- rods (4)
H. flu, Pasteurella, Brucella, Bordetella
132
Lactose non-fermenter, ox+
Pseudomonas
133
Lactose non-fermenter, ox- (4)
Shigella, Salmonella, Proteus, Yersinia
134
Rifampin prophylaxis
N. meningitis, H. Flu
135
Migratory polyarthritis, asymmetric, vesticulopustular rash
N. gonorrhea (septic arthritis)
136
Polyribotol ribose phosphate (PRP)+ capsule
H. Flu
137
Capsule binds Factor H and inhibits C3b deposition
H. Flu
138
Arthritis in an immigrant boy
H. Flu
139
Spreads by lymphatics
H. Flu
140
Inspiratory stridor, drooling, dysphagia, fever, "cherry-red" epiglottis
H. Flu
141
Arthritis, Epiglottitis, Meningitis, Otitis Media, Pneumonia
H. Flu
142
Vaccine contains PRP conjugated to diphtheria toxoid
H. Flu
143
Thumbprint sign on lateral neck radiograph
H. Flu
144
Severe pneumonia, fever, GI/CNS symptoms
Legionella (Legionnaire's Disease)
145
Mild flu-like syndrome
Legionella (Pontiac Fever)
146
Hyponatremia with pneumonia
Legionella
147
Few or no organisms with lots of PMNs
Legionella
148
Legionella treatment
Macrolide or quinolone
149
Pneumonia, Sepsis, External otitis, UTI, Drug Use, and Diabetic Osteomyelitis
Pseudomonas
150
Ecthyma grangenosum (large ulcer with necrotic region, rapidly progressive)
Pseudomonas
151
Aminoglycoside +/- extended spectrum beta-lactam, ciprofloxin
Pseudomonas treatment
152
Elastase, phospholipase C, pyocanin
Pseudomonas
153
Granulation tissue in ear canal
Pseudomonas
154
P fimbriae, K capsule, and LPS
E. coli
155
E. coli invading intestinal mucosa and causing necrosis, inflammation --> dysentery
EIEC
156
E.coli producing HL/HS enterotoxins with no invasion or inflammation --> watery diarrhea
ETEC
157
E.coli producing no toxins and flattening villi, preventing absorption --> diarrhea in kids
EPEC
158
E.coli producing Shiga-like toxin, HUS (anemia/thrombocytopenia/ARF) --> bloody, mucoid diarrhea
EHEC
159
Does not ferment sorbitol or possess glucoronidase
EHEC
160
E.coli causing neonatal meningitis
K1 capsule
161
+leuk esterase, nitrite // ferments lactose+glucose // mobile
E. coli
162
Very mucoid colonies and red currant jelly sputum
Klebsiella
163
Nosocomial UTIs, aspiration pneumonia, abscess in lungs/liver, diabetics/alcoholics
Klebsiella
164
Bloody diarrhea in peds, homosexuals, nursing facilities
Shigella
165
Unique binding site on mucosal M cells
Shigella
166
Antibiotics prolong fecal excretion of organism
Salmonella
167
Antibiotics shorten fecal excretion of organism
Salmonella
168
Produce hydrogen sulfite
Salmonella
169
Invades intestinal mucosa and creates lymphocytic response
Salmonella
170
Invades intestinal mucosa and creates PMN infilitration
Shigella
171
Rose spots, fever, headache, diarrhea
S. typhi
172
Remains in gallbladder and causes carrier state
S. typhi
173
Transmitted via M cells in Peyer's patch --> hijacks macrophages and invades reticuloendothelial system
S. typhi
174
Major cause of bloody diarrhea (esp. in kids)
C. jejuni
175
Fecal-oral transmission in chicken, from puppies
C. jejuni
176
Common antecedent to GBS and reactive arthritis
C. jejuni
177
Stool with mucus and epithelial cells
V. cholerae
178
Transmitted from pet feces, contaminated milk, or pork
Y. enterocolitica
179
Mesenteric adenitis mimicking Crohn's
Y. enterocolitica
180
Catalase+, ox+, urease+
H. pylori
181
Infects stomach antrum (prevents somatostatin release)
H. pylori
182
Rx. PPI + clarithromycin + amoxicillin or metronidazole
H. pylori
183
Water-contaminated with animal urine
Leptospira
184
Flu-like symptoms, jaundice, photophobia with conjunctival suffusion (erythema w/o exudate)
Leptospira
185
Surfers in Hawaii
Leptospira
186
Jaundice, azotemia with liver/kidney dysfunction; fever, hemorrhage, anemia
Weil Disease (icterohemorrhagic leptospirosis)
187
Ixodes tick
Borrelia burgdoferi, Babesia
188
Erythema migrans, Bell's palsy, AV nodal block, monoarthritis+migratory polyarthritis
Borrelia burgdoferi
189
Painless chancre
Primary syphillis
190
Maculopapular rash (palms/soles), condylomata lata, systemic sx
Secondary syphillis
191
Gummas (chronic granulomas), aortitis in thoracic aorta (vasa vasorum destruction), neurosyphillis (tabes dorsalis), Argyll Robertson pupil
Tertiary syphillis
192
Broad-based ataxia, Romberg+, Charcot joint, stroke w/o HTN
Tertiary syphillis
193
Saber shins, saddle nose, CNVIII deafness, Hutchinson teeth, mulberry molars
Congenital syphillis
