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Boards Review > Name that Bug! > Flashcards

Name that Bug! Flashcards

1
Q

Lacks muramic acid in its cell wall?

A

Chlamydia

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2
Q

Lacks sterols in its cell membrane?

A

Mycoplasma

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3
Q

Stained by Giemsa? (5)

A

Chlamydia, Rickettsiae, Trypanosomes, Plasmodium, Borrelia

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4
Q

Stained by Ziehl-Neelsen? (2)

A

Nocardia, Mycobacterium (acid fast!)

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5
Q

Stained by India Ink or mucicarmine?

A

Cryptococcus

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6
Q

Stained by silver?

A

Fungi (esp. pneumocystis), Legionella, H. pylori

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7
Q

Cultured on chocolate agar including Factors V/X (NAD/hematin)?

A

H. flu

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8
Q

Cultured on Thayer-Martin (VPN) media?

A

Neisseria

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9
Q

Cultured on Bordet-Gengou agar?

A

Bordetella pertussis

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10
Q

Cultured on Tellurite/Loffler medium?

A

C. Diphtheriae

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11
Q

Cultured on Lowenstein-Jenson agar?

A

M. tuberculosis

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12
Q

Cultured on Eaton agar with cholesterol?

A

Mycoplasma

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13
Q

Pink on MacConkey agar?

A

Lactose fermentors

  1. Fast - E. coli, Klebsiella, Enterobacter
  2. Slow - Citrobacter, Serratia, Others
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14
Q

Metallic sheen on EMB agar?

A

E. coli

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15
Q

Cultured on charcoal yeast extract agar with cysteine/iron?

A

Legionella

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16
Q

Cultured on Sabouraud agar?

A

Fungi

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17
Q

Obligate aerobes (4)

A

Nagging Pests Must Breathe

  1. Nocardia
  2. Pseudomonas
  3. Mycobacteria
  4. Bacillus
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18
Q

Obligate anaerobes (3)

A

Can’t Breathe Air

  1. Clostradium
  2. Bacteriodes
  3. Actinomyces

(lack catalase, SOD; resistant to aminoglycosides due to o2-dependent transport)

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19
Q

Facultative Intracellular (8)

A

Listen Sally Yer Friend Bruce Must Leave Now

Listeria, Salmonella, Yersinia, Francisella, Brucella, Mycobacteria, Legionella, Neisseria

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20
Q

Encapsulated Bacteria (7) - sickle cell, splenectomy

A

SHiNE SKiS

S. pneumoniae, H. Flu, N. Meningitis, E. coli, Salmonella, Klebsiella, Strep (Group B)

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21
Q

Catalase-positive organisms (7) - CGD

A

PLACESS for your “cats”

Pseudomonas, Listeria, Aspergillus, Candida, E. coli, S. aureus, Serratia

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22
Q

Urease-positive organisms (7)

A

PUNCH & KiSS

Proteus, Ureaplasma, Nocardia, Cryptococcus, H. pylori // Klebsiella, S. epidermidis, S. saprophyticus

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23
Q

Yellow sulfur granules

A

Actinomyces israeli

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24
Q

Yellow pigment

A

S. aureus

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25
Q

Blue-green pigment

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

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26
Q

Red pigment

A

Serratia marcescens

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27
Q

Protein A (Fc region of IgG)

A

S. aureus

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28
Q

M protein

A

Group A strep

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29
Q

IgA protease

A

SHiN - S.pneumo, H.flu, Neisseria

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30
Q

Toxin inactivating EF-2 by ADP-ribosylation –| protein synthesis

A

C. diphtheriae, P. aeruginosa

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31
Q

Toxin inactivating 60S ribosome by removing adenine from 28S rRNA –| protein synthesis

A

Shigella, EHEC (O157:H7)

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32
Q

Phage-encoded toxins (6)

A

ABCDES

- Group A Strep, Bordetella pertussis, Cholera, Diphtheria, EHEC (O157:H7), Shigella

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33
Q

Toxins inhibiting protein synthesis (4)

A

C. diphtheriae, Pseudomonas, Shigella, EHEC (O157:H7)

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34
Q

Toxins increasing fluid secretion (4)

A

ETEC (x2), B. anthracis, V. cholerae, B. cereus

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35
Q

Toxins inhibiting phagocytic ability (1)

A

B. pertussis

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36
Q

Toxins inhibiting release of neurotransmitter (2)

A

Botulinum, Tetanus

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37
Q

Toxins lysing cell membranes (3)

A

B. cereus, C. perfringens, S. pyogenes

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38
Q

Toxins that serve as superantigens (2)

A

S. aureus, S. pyogenes (x2)

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39
Q

Toxins that serve as proteases (5)

A

Botulinum toxin and tetanus toxin
LF (lethal factor) of Bacillus anthracis cleaves MAPK
Exfoliatin of Staphylococcus aureus cleaves desmoglein
Exotoxin B (SpeB) of certain “flesh-eating” strains of Streptococcus pyogenes

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40
Q

Ability for transformation

A

SHiN organisms

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41
Q

Transfer of plasmid genes only

A

F+ x F-

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42
Q

Transfer of plasmid and chromosomal genes

A

Hfr x F-

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43
Q

Generalized transduction

A

“Packaging” event, lytic phage

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44
Q

Specialized transduction

A

“Excision” event, lysogenic phage

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45
Q

Pneumonia after flu

A

S. aureus

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46
Q

Toxic shock syndrome, scalded skin syndrome, rapid-onset food poisoning

A

S. aureus

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47
Q

pyrrolidonyl arylamidase- gram+

A

S. aureus

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48
Q

pyrrolidonyl arylamidase+ gram+

A

S. pyogenes

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49
Q

2nd MCC of UTI in young woman

A

S. saprophyticus

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50
Q

1st MCC of UTI in young woman

A

E. coli

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51
Q

MOPS (meningitis, otitis media, pneumonia, sinusitis)

A

S. pneumoniae

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52
Q

Lancet-shaped gram+ diplococci

A

S. pneumoniae

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53
Q

“Rusty sputum” pneumonia, sickle cell sepsis

A

S. pneumoniae

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54
Q

Binds to fibrin-platelet aggregates on exposed subendothelial GAGs via dextrans

A

S. viridans (S. sanguinis)

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55
Q

Dental caries

A

S. viridans (S. mutans)

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56
Q

Pyogenic, toxigenic, and immunologic diseases associated

A

S. pyogenes

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57
Q

M protein (–| alternative complement)

A

S. pyogenes

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58
Q

+ ASO titer

A

S. pyogenes

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59
Q

Scarlet rash with strawberry tongue, sandpaper-like texture, circumoral pallor with desquamation after week #1

A

S. pyogenes (Scarlet Fever)

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60
Q

Severe pain/swelling –> hypotension/fever (sepsis)

A

S. pyogenes (Necrotizing fasciitis)

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61
Q

Group A Strep Glomerulonephritis

A

Impetigo > Pharyngitis

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62
Q

Rheumatic Fever

A

Pharyngitis (GAS)

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63
Q

Pneumonia, meningitis, and sepsis in a baby

A

GBS

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64
Q

Produces CAMP factor and enlargens area of hemolysis formed by S. aureus

A

GBS

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65
Q

Hippurate test +

A

GBS

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66
Q

Intrapartum penicillin prophylaxis

A

GBS

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67
Q

Subacute endocarditis following GI/GU procedure

A

Enterococci

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68
Q

Grow in 6.5% NaCl and bile both

A

Enterococci

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69
Q

VRE

A

Enterococci (vancomycin-resistant)

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70
Q

Bacteremia and subacute endocarditis in colon cancer patients

A

S. bovis

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71
Q

Sore throat, lymphadenopathy, myocarditis, arrhythmias

A

C. diphtheriae

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72
Q

Metachromatic (blue/red) granules

A

C. diphtheriae

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73
Q

Elek test +

A

C. diphtheriae

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74
Q

Throat exudate with fibrin, leuks, bacteria, and necrotic epithelium

A

C. diphtheriae

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75
Q

“Chinese letter” appearance with V/Y chains

A

C. diphtheriae

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76
Q

Spastic paralysis, trimus, risus sardonicus

A

Tetanus

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77
Q

Floppy baby syndrome, flaccid paralysis

A

Botulinum

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78
Q

Double zone of clearing on blood agar

A

C. perfringens

79
Q

Late onset food poisoning with transient watery diarrhea

A

C. perfringens

80
Q

Enterotoxin and cytotoxin

A

C. difficile

81
Q

Pseudomembranes in colon

A

C. difficile

82
Q

2/2 clindamycin and ampicillin use

A

C. difficile

83
Q

Toxic megacolon if untreated

A

C. difficile

84
Q

Only bacterium with polypeptide capsule

A

B. anthracis

85
Q

D. glutamate capsule

A

B. anthracis

86
Q

Hemorrhagic mediastinitis (wide on CXR)

A

B. anthracis

87
Q

“Medusa head colonies”

A

B. anthracis

88
Q

Black eschar

A

B. anthracis

89
Q

Spore-forming organisms

A

Bacillus, Clostridium

90
Q

Fever, pulmonary hemorrhage, mediastinitis, shock

A

Woolsorter’s disease - B. anthracis

91
Q

Reheated rice syndrome

A

B. cereus

92
Q

Cereulide toxin

A

B. cereus (Emetic Type)

93
Q

N&V within 5 hours

A

B. cereus (Emetic Type)

94
Q

NB diarrhea within 5-18 hours

A

B. cereus (Diarrhetic Type)

95
Q

Narrow zone of beta-hemolysis on blood agar

A

Listeria

96
Q

Immotile at 37 C, tumbling motility at 22 C

A

Listeria

97
Q

Survives refrigeration (4 C)

A

Listeria

98
Q

Unpasteurized dairy and deli products, transplacental, or vaginal transmission during birth

A

Listeria

99
Q

Actin rocket tails to escape phagosome–>cytosol

A

Listeria

100
Q

Only gram+ to produce LPS

A

Listeria

101
Q

Granulomatosis infantiseptica, amnionitis, septicemia, meningitis (neonatal + immunocompromised)

A

Listeria

102
Q

SNAP

A

Sulfonamides for Nocardia, Penicillin for Actinomyces

103
Q

Gram+ anaerobe, non-acid fast, with branching filaments

A

Actinomyces

104
Q

Normal oral flora

A

Actinomyces

105
Q

Oral/facial abscesses and IUD infections

A

Actinomyces

106
Q

Gram+ aerobe, acid fast, with branching filaments

A

Nocardia

107
Q

Found in soil

A

Nocardia

108
Q

Pulmonary infections in compromised and cutaneous infections post-trauma in immunocompetent

A

Nocardia

109
Q

Caseating granulomas

A

TB

110
Q

Fibrocaseous cavitary lesion in upper lobe

A

TB

111
Q

Prophylaxis with azithromycin

A

MAI

112
Q

Disseminated non-TB disease in AIDS

A

MAI

113
Q

Fever, night sweats, weight loss, hemoptysis

A

TB

114
Q

Cord factor, sulfatides in virulent strains

A

TB (prevents macrophage maturation and induce TNFa release; inhibits phagolysomal fusion)

115
Q

Acid-fast bacillus that <3 cool temperatures

A

M. leprae

116
Q

“Glove and stocking” loss of sensation

A

M. leprae

117
Q

Reservoir in armadillos

A

M. leprae

118
Q

Leonine facies, communicable, low-cell mediated immunity, hair loss, blindness

A

M. leprae (lepromatous)

119
Q

Hypoesthetic, hairless skin plaques, few in #, strong cell-mediated immunity

A

M. leprae (tuberculoid)

120
Q

Bacteria invading Schwann cells

A

M. leprae

121
Q

Treated with dapsone, rifampin for tuberculoid form

A

M. leprae

122
Q

Treated with dapsone, rifampin, and clofazimine for lepratomous form

A

M. leprae

123
Q

MCC acute gastroenteritis in US

A

C. jejuni

124
Q

Ox+, comma-shaped, corkscrew motility, grows at 42C

A

C. jejeuni

125
Q

Ox+, comma-shaped, grows in alkaline media

A

V. cholerae

126
Q

Infects with 10^6 organisms

A

V. cholerae

127
Q

Infects with 10 organisms

A

Shigella

128
Q

Infects with 500 organisms

A

C. jejuni

129
Q

Infects with 1 organism

A

Entamoeba, Giardia

130
Q

Infects with 10^7 organisms

A

Salmonella

131
Q

Pleiomorphic gram- rods (4)

A

H. flu, Pasteurella, Brucella, Bordetella

132
Q

Lactose non-fermenter, ox+

A

Pseudomonas

133
Q

Lactose non-fermenter, ox- (4)

A

Shigella, Salmonella, Proteus, Yersinia

134
Q

Rifampin prophylaxis

A

N. meningitis, H. Flu

135
Q

Migratory polyarthritis, asymmetric, vesticulopustular rash

A

N. gonorrhea (septic arthritis)

136
Q

Polyribotol ribose phosphate (PRP)+ capsule

A

H. Flu

137
Q

Capsule binds Factor H and inhibits C3b deposition

A

H. Flu

138
Q

Arthritis in an immigrant boy

A

H. Flu

139
Q

Spreads by lymphatics

A

H. Flu

140
Q

Inspiratory stridor, drooling, dysphagia, fever, “cherry-red” epiglottis

A

H. Flu

141
Q

Arthritis, Epiglottitis, Meningitis, Otitis Media, Pneumonia

A

H. Flu

142
Q

Vaccine contains PRP conjugated to diphtheria toxoid

A

H. Flu

143
Q

Thumbprint sign on lateral neck radiograph

A

H. Flu

144
Q

Severe pneumonia, fever, GI/CNS symptoms

A

Legionella (Legionnaire’s Disease)

145
Q

Mild flu-like syndrome

A

Legionella (Pontiac Fever)

146
Q

Hyponatremia with pneumonia

A

Legionella

147
Q

Few or no organisms with lots of PMNs

A

Legionella

148
Q

Legionella treatment

A

Macrolide or quinolone

149
Q

Pneumonia, Sepsis, External otitis, UTI, Drug Use, and Diabetic Osteomyelitis

A

Pseudomonas

150
Q

Ecthyma grangenosum (large ulcer with necrotic region, rapidly progressive)

A

Pseudomonas

151
Q

Aminoglycoside +/- extended spectrum beta-lactam, ciprofloxin

A

Pseudomonas treatment

152
Q

Elastase, phospholipase C, pyocanin

A

Pseudomonas

153
Q

Granulation tissue in ear canal

A

Pseudomonas

154
Q

P fimbriae, K capsule, and LPS

A

E. coli

155
Q

E. coli invading intestinal mucosa and causing necrosis, inflammation –> dysentery

A

EIEC

156
Q

E.coli producing HL/HS enterotoxins with no invasion or inflammation –> watery diarrhea

A

ETEC

157
Q

E.coli producing no toxins and flattening villi, preventing absorption –> diarrhea in kids

A

EPEC

158
Q

E.coli producing Shiga-like toxin, HUS (anemia/thrombocytopenia/ARF) –> bloody, mucoid diarrhea

A

EHEC

159
Q

Does not ferment sorbitol or possess glucoronidase

A

EHEC

160
Q

E.coli causing neonatal meningitis

A

K1 capsule

161
Q

+leuk esterase, nitrite // ferments lactose+glucose // mobile

A

E. coli

162
Q

Very mucoid colonies and red currant jelly sputum

A

Klebsiella

163
Q

Nosocomial UTIs, aspiration pneumonia, abscess in lungs/liver, diabetics/alcoholics

A

Klebsiella

164
Q

Bloody diarrhea in peds, homosexuals, nursing facilities

A

Shigella

165
Q

Unique binding site on mucosal M cells

A

Shigella

166
Q

Antibiotics prolong fecal excretion of organism

A

Salmonella

167
Q

Antibiotics shorten fecal excretion of organism

A

Salmonella

168
Q

Produce hydrogen sulfite

A

Salmonella

169
Q

Invades intestinal mucosa and creates lymphocytic response

A

Salmonella

170
Q

Invades intestinal mucosa and creates PMN infilitration

A

Shigella

171
Q

Rose spots, fever, headache, diarrhea

A

S. typhi

172
Q

Remains in gallbladder and causes carrier state

A

S. typhi

173
Q

Transmitted via M cells in Peyer’s patch –> hijacks macrophages and invades reticuloendothelial system

A

S. typhi

174
Q

Major cause of bloody diarrhea (esp. in kids)

A

C. jejuni

175
Q

Fecal-oral transmission in chicken, from puppies

A

C. jejuni

176
Q

Common antecedent to GBS and reactive arthritis

A

C. jejuni

177
Q

Stool with mucus and epithelial cells

A

V. cholerae

178
Q

Transmitted from pet feces, contaminated milk, or pork

A

Y. enterocolitica

179
Q

Mesenteric adenitis mimicking Crohn’s

A

Y. enterocolitica

180
Q

Catalase+, ox+, urease+

A

H. pylori

181
Q

Infects stomach antrum (prevents somatostatin release)

A

H. pylori

182
Q

Rx. PPI + clarithromycin + amoxicillin or metronidazole

A

H. pylori

183
Q

Water-contaminated with animal urine

A

Leptospira

184
Q

Flu-like symptoms, jaundice, photophobia with conjunctival suffusion (erythema w/o exudate)

A

Leptospira

185
Q

Surfers in Hawaii

A

Leptospira

186
Q

Jaundice, azotemia with liver/kidney dysfunction; fever, hemorrhage, anemia

A

Weil Disease (icterohemorrhagic leptospirosis)

187
Q

Ixodes tick

A

Borrelia burgdoferi, Babesia

188
Q

Erythema migrans, Bell’s palsy, AV nodal block, monoarthritis+migratory polyarthritis

A

Borrelia burgdoferi

189
Q

Painless chancre

A

Primary syphillis

190
Q

Maculopapular rash (palms/soles), condylomata lata, systemic sx

A

Secondary syphillis

191
Q

Gummas (chronic granulomas), aortitis in thoracic aorta (vasa vasorum destruction), neurosyphillis (tabes dorsalis), Argyll Robertson pupil

A

Tertiary syphillis

192
Q

Broad-based ataxia, Romberg+, Charcot joint, stroke w/o HTN

A

Tertiary syphillis

193
Q

Saber shins, saddle nose, CNVIII deafness, Hutchinson teeth, mulberry molars

A

Congenital syphillis

Boards Review (9 decks)

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