Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

CMT-uno > Nail, inflamm nodules, pruritic disorders > Flashcards

Nail, inflamm nodules, pruritic disorders Flashcards

1
Q
A

Pitting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q
A

pitting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Pitting

is associated with

A

psoriasis, eczema, and alopecia areata

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q
A

transverse ridging

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q
A

transverse ridging

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

transverse ridging

is associated with

A

eczema, paronychia, psoriasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q
A

Beau Line

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Beau Line

general and associations

A

▸ transverse depression affecting all nails, due to
acute systemic illness stopping nail growth
▸ Associated with high fever, measles, mumps,
pneumonia, strep infections, heart attack,
COVID-19, injury, chronic conditions, eczema,
psoriasis, zinc deficiency, and more

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q
A

ONYCHORRHEXIS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q
A

ONYCHORRHEXIS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

ONYCHORRHEXIS

general and association

A

▸ longitudinal bridging of the nail plate
▸ Associated with increased age, lichen planus, psoriasis, onychomycosis, Darier disease, or a
habit of picking

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q
A

LONGITUDINAL GROOVE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

LONGITUDINAL GROOVE

association

A

associated with digital myxoid cyst or wart overlying the proximal nail matrix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q
A

MEDIAN CANALIFORM NAIL DYSTROPHY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

MEDIAN CANALIFORM NAIL DYSTROPHY

general

A

▸ presents as a feather, Sentra, longitudinal ridge with a for tree pattern usually involving both
thumbnails
▸ Associated with repetitive trauma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q
A

ONYCHOGRYPHOSIS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

ONYCHOGRYPHOSIS

general

A

▸ A thick, hard, curved nail plate in the shape of a Rams horn
▸ Associated with increase age, psoriasis, or trauma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q
A

LEUKONYCHIA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

LEUKONYCHIA

general

A

▸ White nails
▸ May be familial, associated with hypoalbuminemia or chronic renal failure
▸ Transverse – thought to be due to manicuring

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q
A

KOILONYCHIA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

KOILONYCHIA

general

A

▸ thin, spoon shaped nail
▸ Can occur in normal children and adults
▸ Associated with iron deficiency anemia,
diabetes, protein deficiency, connective tissue
disease, exposure to solvents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q
A

ONYCHOMYCOSIS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

ONYCHOMYCOSIS

general

A

▸ Fungal infection of the nails
▸ Dermatophyte - Trichphyton rubrum, Tinea interdigitale
▸ Yeast - Candida albicans
▸ Increasingly common with increased age.
▸ Often results from untreated tinea pedis or tinea manuum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

ONYCHOMYCOSIS

clin man

A

▸ Subungual hyperkeratosis, onycholysis, scaly or flaky patches under the nail, pits, brittle nails

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

ONYCHOMYCOSIS

Dx and Tx

A

▸ Diagnosis: KOH exam, Periodic Acid-Schiff test - most sensitive
▸ Practice: PAS nail clipping

▸ Boards: oral terbinafine because they are the most effective

▸ Practice: Topical antifungal agents like ciclopirox lacquer, efinaconazole
topical solution.
▸ Over The Counter: Vicks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q
A

PARONYCHIA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

PARONYCHIA

general, etiology

A

General:
▸ Inflammation of the skin around a finger or toenail
▸ Acute (<6 weeks) or Chronic
▸ Etiology:
▸ Skin flora - Staphylococcus aureus, Group A streptococcus
▸ Oral flora if nail biting
▸ Chronic - Candida
▸ Pathophysiology
▸ Commonly occurs after penetrating skin trauma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

PARONYCHIA

clin man

A

▸ Rapid onset of painful erythema and swelling to the proximal and/or lateral nail folds, usually within 2
to 5 days of localized trauma.
▸ May have purulent discharge or superficial abscess

29
Q

PARONYCHIA

Tx

mild, moderate, MRSA, Abcess, nail biter

A

▸ Mild: warm water or antiseptic soaks with chlorhexidine, povidone-iodine + topical antibacterial agent
▸ Moderate: oral antibiotic- cephalexin, dicloxacillin, augmentin if nail biting
▸ MRSA: trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole DS, clindamycin, doxycycline
▸ Abscess: incision and drainage, followed by warm soaks +/- antibiotics if cellulitis present

30
Q
A

felon

31
Q

felon

general

A

Closed space infection/ abscess of the fingertip pulp space
▸ Can be a progression of paronychia
▸ Most commonly occurs after penetrating skin trauma

32
Q

Felon

Clin man and Tx
With and without fluctuate

A

Clinical Manifestations:
▸ Severe throbbing pain, erythema, swelling, and fluctuance to the pad of the fingertip
▸ Treatment:
▸ Early without fluctuance - elevation, warm water/saline soaks, oral antibiotics (cephalexin)
▸ Fluctuant - incision and drainage

33
Q

Lipoma

general

A

▸ Benign, subcutaneous tumors composed of mature adipocytes enclosed by thin, fiber outs capsule.
▸ Most common benign soft tissue neoplasm

34
Q

Lipoma

clin man

A

▸ Soft, painless, subcutaneous nodules that are easily mobile
▸ Most commonly found on the trunk, neck, upper extremities

35
Q

Lipoma

Dx and Tx

A

▸ Diagnosis: clinical
▸ Indications for biopsy: pain, rapidly enlarging, firm, restricts movement
▸ Treatment: observation
▸ Can be excised for cosmetic purposes or if symptomatic

36
Q
A

EPIDERMAL INCLUSION CYST

37
Q

EPIDERMAL INCLUSION CYST

General

A

Benign, encapsulated, subepidermal nodules filled with fibrous tissue and keratinous material
▸ Most common in 30s and 40s, males: females affected 2:1
▸ Pathophysiology: Results from plugging of the follicular orifices

38
Q

EPIDERMAL INCLUSION CYST

Clinical Manifestations

A

▸ Asymptomatic, skin colored dermal, freely mobile, compressible cyst or natural, often with a clinically visible central punctum
▸ Ruptured, infected cyst become fluctuate, painful, larger, erythematous +/- foul-smelling discharge

39
Q

EPIDERMAL INCLUSION CYST

Dx and Tx

A

clinical

Treatment
▸ Not infected: no treatment necessary. ILK. Can be excised for cosmetic purposes or recurrently symptomatic
▸ Infected: incision and drainage

40
Q

FURUNCLE & CARBUNCLE

definition

A

Furuncle: deep infection of the hair follicle

Carbuncle: coalescence or interconnection of several furuncles into a
single mass with purulent drainage from multiple follicles

Etiology: Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus

41
Q
A

FURUNCLE & CARBUNCLE

42
Q

FURUNCLE & CARBUNCLE

Tx

A

▸ Mainstay: incision and drainage

▸ Antibiotics: trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, doxycycline, clindamycin

43
Q

HIDRADENITIS SUPPURATIVA

general

A

Painful, chronic, inflammatory supportive condition involving the skin and subcutaneous tissue

44
Q

HIDRADENITIS SUPPURATIVA

risk factors

A

Obesity, females, smoking, history of acne, family history

45
Q

HIDRADENITIS SUPPURATIVA

clin man

A

Recurrent, painful, deep-seated inflammatory nodules and abscesses, draining tracks, and fibrotic
hypertrophic scars that most commonly affects intertriginous skin

46
Q
A

HIDRADENITIS SUPPURATIVA

47
Q

HIDRADENITIS SUPPURATIVA

Dx and Tx
Lesions/ sinus tracts/refractory

A

Dx: Clinical

Treatment:
▸ Lifestyle Modifications: avoid high glycemic foods, smoking cessation, local skin care, eliminate
irritants, weight loss
▸ Inflammatory lesions only: topical clindamycin+/-Antiangiogenic drugs, metformin
▸ Inflammatory lesions with sinus tracks or scarring: oral tetracycline (doxycycline) or Clindamycin +
rifampin
▸ Refractory: Surgical excision

48
Q
A

scabies

49
Q

scabies

general

A

A highly contagious skin infection due to the mite Sarcoptes scabiei

▸ Pathophysiology:
▸ Female mites burrow into the skin to lay eggs, feed, and defecate - these particles are what precipitate
a hypersensitivity reaction

50
Q

scabies

clin man
Hallmark

A

Multiple, small, evidence papules with excoriations, linear burrows (hallmark)
▸ Red, itchy happy wheels or nodules on the scrotum, genitalia, or body folds are pathognomonic
▸ Intense pruritus, especially at night

51
Q

scabies

Dx

A

clinical, mineral oil prep

52
Q

scabies

Tx

A

Drug of choice: topical permethrin x 2 applications 1 week apart (for pregnant)

▸ Oral available for non-pregnant adults

▸ Lindane: cheaper option but cannot be used after bathing - increased risk of seizure. Contraindicated in
pregnancy, children<2 years old

53
Q

Scabies

general measures

A

Treat all close contacts

All clothing, bedding, etc. should be placed in plastic bags for at least 72 hours, then washed and dried
using high heat

54
Q

PEDICULOSIS

general

A

Person to person transmission through either direct contact, fomite exposure, or sexual transmission
▸ Strongly related to poor hygiene practices.
▸ Can affect any body part and serve as a vector for disease
▸ Head lice: girls>boys, most commonly affecting children ages 3–12 years old
▸ Body lice: typically live in the seams of clothing or bedding and move onto the skin to feed

55
Q

PEDICULOSIS

clin man

A

Chief complaint: pruritus
▸ May visualize lice or nits - white, oval shaped egg capsules at the base of hair shafts

56
Q

PEDICULOSIS

Tx

A

Head lice: drug of choice: topical permethrin x 2 applications 1 week apart, fine-tooth combing to remove nits
▸ Alternative: Malathion, lindane (remember this is neurotoxic)
▸ Body lice: hygiene practices are first line, topical permethrin 5% cream
▸ Pubic lice: topical permethrin 1% cream or pyrethrins, typically repeat in 10 days after initial treatment
▸ Treat all sexual contacts

57
Q

Pediculosis

general measures

A

hygiene improvement
▸ contact items should be laundered in hot water with detergent and dried and hot dryer for 20 minutes, toys
that cannot be washed or place an airtight plastic bags for two weeks - avoid sharing contact items

58
Q

LICHEN PLANUS

general

A

Acute or chronic inflammatory mucocutaneous papulosquamous dermatitis
▸ Cell mediated immune response
▸ Most commonly seen in middle-aged adults
▸ Increased incidence with hepatitis C infection
▸ Can be medication induced, associated with graft vs. host, or lymphoma

59
Q
A

Lichen Planus

60
Q
A

Lichen Planus

61
Q

Lichen Planus

clin man
6, borders, phenomenon

A

6P’s: purple, polygonal, planar, pruritic, papules or plaques with fine scaling

▸ Borders May have wickham’s striae - fine, gray white lines on the skin and/or oral mucosa

▸ Koebner’s phenomenon - trauma induced lesions

62
Q

lichen planus

Dx and Tx

A

Diagnosis: clinical

Treatment:
▸ High or super-high potency topical corticosteroids, Oral antihistamines
▸ Intralesional corticosteroids
▸ Generalized or refractory: oral glucocorticoids
▸ Most patients have spontaneous resolution in 6-12 month

63
Q

LICHEN SIMPLEX CHRONICUS

general

A

Skin thickening secondary to repetitive rubbing and scratching

64
Q

LICHEN SIMPLEX CHRONICUS

clin man

A

Scaly, well demarcated, rough, hyperkeratotic plaques with exaggerated skin lines

65
Q

LICHEN SIMPLEX CHRONICUS

Tx

A

no Dx mentioned..

Avoid scratching the lesions
▸ High potency topical corticosteroids, antihistamines
▸ Intralesional kenalog commonly used in practice

66
Q
A

LICHEN SIMPLEX CHRONICUS

67
Q
A

NEURODERMATITIS

68
Q

Neurodermatitis

general

A

Diffuse excoriations secondary to chronic itch, repetitive rubbing, scratching, and/or picking at skin
▸ Can see lichenified skin as a secondary finding
▸ Associated with mood disorders

69
Q

neurodermatitis

Dx and Tx

A

Diagnosis: clinical

▸ Treatment: antihistamines, topical corticosteroids, wound care
▸ Avoidance of scratching
▸ Management of mood disorder

CMT-uno (54 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions