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CMT-uno > Eye 1 > Flashcards

Eye 1 Flashcards

1
Q

PTERYGIUM

general

A

slow-growing thickening of the
bulbar conjunctiva that may extend onto
the corneal surface

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2
Q

Pterygium

RF

A

Increased UV light exposure in sunny climates
Sand, wind, dust exposure

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3
Q

Pterygium

Clin Man

A

Clinical Manifestations
➤ Elevated, superficial fleshy, triangular-shaped growing fibrocartilage mass
➤ Usually starts medially and extends laterally
➤ Irritation, erythema, foreign body sensation
➤ Can impair vision

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4
Q

Pterygium

Tx

A

Observation, artificial tears
➤ Affected vision: surgical removal
➤ Recurrent pterygium may be more symptomatic and problematic to remove because of scarring

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5
Q

Pinguecula

general

A

slow growing thickening of the
bulbar conjunctiva that remains confined
to the conjunctiva

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6
Q

Pinguecula

RF

A

Eye irritation- dry, windy, sunny
conditions
Ocular trauma

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7
Q

Pinguecula

clin man

A

➤ Yellowish, slightly elevated nodule most commonly found in the nasal side of
the sclera
➤ Does NOT grow onto the cornea

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8
Q

Pinguecula

Tx

A

no Tx necessary
cosmetic: surgical resection

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9
Q

Hordeolum

General

A

➤ General: Localized abscess of the eyelid margin
➤ Increased risk with seborrheic dermatitis,
rosacea
➤ Internal or external
➤ Etiology: S. aureus

stye

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10
Q

Hordeolum

pathophys

A

Internal: inflammation or infection of a
meibomian gland found deep from the
palpebral margin under the eyelid

External: infection of an eyelash follicle or
external sebaceous gland near the lid margin
with production of pus in the gland of Moll or
Zeis

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11
Q

Hordeolum

Clin Man

A

Localized erythematous, painful, warm, tender nodule or pustule on the eyelid

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12
Q

Hordeolum

Tx
Mainstay and if persistent

A

➤ Mainstay: warm compresses
➤ May need incision and drainage or topical antibiotic ointment
➤ Erythromycin or bacitracin

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13
Q

Chalazion

general

A

General: painless indurated
granulomatous inflammation of the
internal meibomian sebaceous gland
away from the eyelid margin

Pathophysiology: obstruction of the Zeis
or Meibomian glan

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14
Q

Chalazion

Clin man

A

Nontender, localized edema and conjunctival nodule

Tend to be larger, firmer, slower growing, less painful than styes

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15
Q

Chalazion

Tx
Initial and refractory

A

➤ Eyelid hygiene, warm compresses
➤ Refractory: ophthalmology referral – may need glucocorticoid injection or incision
and curettage

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16
Q

Ectropian

RF and patho

A

Risk Factors:
➤ Elderly
➤ Associated with cranial nerve 7
palsy
➤ Can be congenital or infectious

Pathophysiology
➤ Relaxation of the orbicularis oculi
muscle

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17
Q

Ectropian

PE and Clin Man

A

Physical Exam Findings
➤ Eyelid and lashes are everted (turned outward)

Clinical Manifestations
➤ Irritation, ocular dryness, tearing, sagging of the eyelid, increased sensitivity

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18
Q

Ectropian

Tx

A

➤ Lubricating eyedrops, moisture shield
➤ Surgical correction if desired

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19
Q

Entropian

General

A

Risk Factors:
➤ Elderly

Pathophysiology
➤ Spasm of the orbicularis oculi muscle

20
Q

Entropian

PE and Clin Man

A

Physical Exam Findings
➤ Eyelid and lashes are inverted (turned inward)

Clinical Manifestations
➤ Erythema, tearing, increased sensitivity
➤ Corneal abrasion or ulceration

21
Q

Entropian

Tx

A

➤ Lubricating eyedrops, moisture shield
➤ Surgical correction if desired

22
Q

Blepharitis

General

A

General: inflammation of the eyelid margin.
➤ Two types: anterior and posterior (most
common)
➤ Risk Factors
➤ Down syndrome, atopic dermatitis, rosacea,
seborrheic dermatitis

23
Q

Blepharitis

patho

A

Pathophysiology
Anterior: Infectious or viral, S. aureus or S. epidermis, Seborrheic (most common)

Posterior: meibomian gland dysfunction

24
Q

Blepharitis

Clin Man

A

Clinical Manifestations
Burning, erythema, crusting, scaling, red rimming of the eyelid, gritty sensation,
flaking on the lashes or lid margins

+/- entropion or ectropion

25
Q

Blepharitis

Tx

A

➤ Eyelid hygiene – warm compresses, island scrub, gentle eyelid massage, artificial tears

➤ Baby shampoo, OccuSoft lid scrub

➤ Severe or refractory – topical or oral antibiotics, topical glucocorticoids

➤ Erythromycin, Azithromycin, Ofloxacin are most commonly used in practice

26
Q

Dacrocystitis

General

A

General: infection of the lacrimal sac
➤ Chronic: caused by non infectious
inflammatory disorders such as
Sjorgren syndrome, thyroid disease
➤ Etiology: S. epidermis, S. aureus, GABHS,
Pseudomonas
➤ Pathophysiology: obstruction of the
nasolacrimal duct

27
Q

Dacrryocystitis

Clin Man

A

Acute: tearing, tenderness, edema, erythema, warmth to the inferior medial
canthal side/lower lid area
May have purulent discharge

Chronic: Mucopurulent drainage from the puncta without other signs of infection

28
Q

Dacryoocystitis

Tx

A

➤ Acute: oral antibiotics (Clindamycin) + warm compresses
➤ Chronic: dacrocystorhinostomy

29
Q

Viral conjunctivitis

General

A

General: inflammation of the conjunctiva most
commonly caused by adenovirus
➤ Most common in children
➤ May have preceding/accompanying viral symptoms
➤ Transmission: direct contact
➤ Common source: swimming pools

30
Q

Viral conjunctivitis

Clin Man

A

➤ Often bilateral
➤ Foreign body/gritty sensation, ocular erythema,
tearing with watery discharge , itching
➤ Normal vision

31
Q

Viral conjunctivitis

PE

A

➤ Ipsilateral enlarged and tender preauricular lymphadenopathy
➤ Copious watery tearing
➤ Tarsal conjunctiva may have a follicular or bumpy appearance

32
Q

Viral conjunctivitis

Tx

A

Supportive - warm/cool compresses, artificial tears, antihistamines (olopatadine)

33
Q

BACTERIAL CONJUNCTIVITIS

general and Dx

A

General: inflammation of the conjunctiva
in response to bacterial infection
➤ Causative agents
➤ Adults: S. aureus
➤ S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, M.
catarrhalis
➤ Contact lens: pseudomonas
➤ Diagnosis: clinical

34
Q

bacterial conjunctivitis

Clin man

A

Clinical Manifestations
➤ Painless mucopurulent discharge, crusting, conjunctival erythema without ciliary
injection
➤ “My eyelids are crusted shut in the morning”
➤ Typically no vision change

35
Q

Bacterial conjunctivitis

Tx

A

Topical antibiotics - erythromycin ointment, trimethoprim- polymixinB, ofloxacin
Contact lens use: ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin

36
Q

Allergic conjunctivitis

general

A

inflammation of the conjunctiva in
response to contact with an allergen
Most common in children with atopy

Pathophysiology:
Type I(IgE) reaction causing local
mast cell degranulation and histamine
release

37
Q

allergic conjunctivitis

clin man

A

Clinical Manifestations
➤ Conjunctival erythema, watery discharge, marked pruritis
➤ May have other allergic symptoms – nasal congestion, sneezing
➤ Normal vision
Cobblestone mucosa

38
Q

Allergic conjunctivitis

PE

A

Cobblestone mucosa, watery stringy discharge, conjunctival edema

39
Q

allergic coonjunctivitis

Tx

A

➤ Supportive measures with topical antihistamine (olopatadine, pheniramine-naphazoline)

40
Q

Gonococcal conjunctivitis

general and complications

A

infection caused by the transmission of
neisseria gonorrhoeae by direct contact with
genital secretions
➤ Also known as Gonococcal ophthalmia
neonatorum in neonates
➤ Untreated cases can lead to meningitis and blindness
➤ Typically acquired during delivery, with
symptom onset of occurring in days 2–5

41
Q

Gonococcal conjunctivitis

Dx

A

PCR, gram stain

42
Q

gonococcal conjunctivitis

clin man

A

Clinical Manifestations
➤ Conjunctival injection, chemosis, eyelid edema
➤ Mucopurulent discharge
➤ Tenderness of globe
➤ Pre-auricular lymphadenopathy

43
Q

Gonococcal conjunctivitis

Tx

A

➤ Prevention - erythromycin ophthalmic ointment
➤ Symptomatic - IM ceftriaxone or IM cefotaxime

44
Q

Chlamydial conjunctivtis

general

A

General: infection caused by the
transmission of Chlamydia trachomatis
serotypes D-K via direct contact with
genital secretions
➤ Leading cause of preventable
blindness of infectious origin
➤ Incubation: 2-19 days
➤ Association with concurrent genital
infection

45
Q

Chlamydial conjunctivitis

Dx

A

PCR, gram stain

46
Q

Chlamydial conjunctivitis

CLin man

A

Clinical Manifestations
➤ Unilateral mucopurlent discharge, hyperemic tarsal conjunctiva
➤ Marked tarsal follicular response
➤ Pre-auricular lymphadenopathy
➤ Occasional superior corneal opacity and vascularization

47
Q

Chlamydial conjunctivitis

Tx

A

Oral antibiotic – azithromycin or doxycycline
Treat partners as well

CMT-uno (54 decks)

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