HIV/AIDS Flashcards

1
Q

HIV

what cells are attacked?

A

CD4 cells

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2
Q

HIV

when is it AIDS?

A

CD4 less than 200

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3
Q

HIV

Which HIV strain is the most common?

A

HIV-1, it also progresses faster

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4
Q

HIV

what ages are most likely affected?

A

25-34y

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5
Q

HIV

How is HIV transmitted?

A

~75% sexually

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6
Q

HIV

Who is most likely to contract infection?

A

Those who have receptive anal sex, men who have sex with men

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7
Q

HIV

what is the risk of accidental needle stick?

A

1:300

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8
Q

HIV

What factors increase risk from needle stick?

A

depth of penetration
hollow bore needles
visible blood on needle
advanced stage of disease in source patient

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9
Q

HIV

How is HIV spread to chiildren from mother?

A

placenta, delivery, breast milk

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10
Q

HIV

What body fluids are considered non infectious

A

Saliva, sweat, stool, tears not considered infectious.

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11
Q

HIV

Increased risk of HIV transmission

A

ulcerative or inflammatory STIs
trauma
menses
lack of male circumcision

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12
Q

HIV

when does acute Infection start? (Incubation period)

A

2-6 weeks post-infection

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13
Q

What are Sx of acute HIV

A

80% of patients have nonspecific symptoms
Self limited,
Mono/flu-like illness
“Acute retroviral syndrome”
opportunistic oral/esophageal candidiasis
Low-grade fever +/- chills
*Fatigue
Night sweats**
Myalgia/arthralgia
Painful mucocutaneous ulceration
Rash +/- yeast infection
Headaches
Pharyngitis
Diarrhea
**
Weight loss (unintentional)
*Lymphadenopathy
*Oral hairy leukoplakia – caused by Epstein Barr; can’t be scraped off

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14
Q

HIV

skin manifestations

A

Zoster: may be present at normal CD4 counts
HSV 1 and 2
HPV
Staph aureus skin infections/ folliculitis

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15
Q

HIV

AIDS non specific Sx

A

Blurred vision
Dry cough
Night sweats
Fatigue
Unintentional weight loss (due to anorexia, nausea, vomiting)
White spots on tongue
SOB
Lymphadenopathy
Chronic diarrhea
Temperature over 100.5F

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16
Q

AIDS

defining conditions

A

Candidiasis, PJP, Kaposi sarcom (skin lesions), CNS lymphoma,
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma, Toxoplasmosis of brain,
Recurrent Salmonella septicemia,
CMV disease, Disseminated histoplasmosis, Recurrent bacterial pneumonias most common (S pneumoniae, Haemophilus)

17
Q

HIV

Neuro manifestations

A

HIV meningitis
HIV dementia / HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders
Cryptococcosis

18
Q

HIV

Dx

A

Antibody/antigen test
Looks for antibodies against HIV and HIV itself (antigens)
*Recommended first test

19
Q

HIV

Confirming Dx tests

A
  1. RNA/DNA test (preferred for peds)
  2. Antibody test (aka immunoassay or ELISA test)
20
Q

HIV

Work up for new pt

A
  1. CBC, CD4 count, viral load, comprehensive metabolic panel
  2. CMV IgG and toxoplasmosis IgG: risk for reactivation in immunosuppression
  3. If no history of varicella zoster infection or vaccination, screen with IgG; offer vaccination if CD4 >200
  4. Screening for other STDs; HPV vaccination
  5. Hepatitis A, B, C screening
  6. PPD
21
Q

Peds HIV

Clinical manifestations

A

varied/nonspecific.
Lymphadenopathy with hepatosplenomegaly can be early sign of infection.

During the first year of life, oral candidiasis, failure to thrive, and developmental delay are common presenting features.

22
Q

Peds HIV

Most common AIDs defining conditions

A

Pneumocystis jiroveciipneumonia (PCP)
Recurrent bacterial infections
Wasting syndrome
Esophageal candidiasis
HIV encephalopathy
Cytomegalovirus pneumonia, colitis, encephalitis, or retinitis

23
Q

HIV

Screening recomendations

A

CDC: everyone 13-64 should be tested at least once as part of routine health care
High risk - screen annually (MSM, sex workers, IV drug use)
routine pregnancy screening

24
Q

HIV/AIDS

Tx

A

ART – using anti-HIV drugs
HAART – combination of drugs (highly active antiretroviral therapy)

No cure, helps live longer healthier lives.

25
Q

HIV

Drug Classes

A

1.Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibits (NRTI) - Interferes with HIV as it tries to replicate
2. Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibits (NNRTI) – not as common
3. Protease inhibitors (PI) – inhibits replication of virus
4. CCR4 antagonists (CCR5)
5. Fusion inhibitors (FI)
6. Integrase inhibitors– inhibits infections of T cells; often first line of therapy

26
Q

HIV/AIDS

Issues with Tx compliance

A

Adherence
General side effects include: nausea, fatigue, diarrhea, headaches, rashes, and hepatic impairment
tolerance, cross-resistance, be mindful of opportunistic

27
Q

HIV/AIDS

First Line of defense

A

Protease inhibitor

28
Q

HIV

Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP)

A

Tenofovir & emtricitabine
For those in high-risk categories
Ongoing relationship with HIV+ partner, risky sexual behavior without protection
Injection drug use

29
Q

HIV

Post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP)

A

Given 48 to 72 hours after known exposure (ideally within 2 hours)

Three drug regimen
tenofovir + emtricitibine (NRTIs) PLUS raltegravir or dolutegravir
Follow up testing recommended
Not 100% effective

30
Q
A