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Dermatology for MCCQE1 (class #2) > Nail Disorders > Flashcards

Nail Disorders Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

Clubbing Definition/Etiology

A

Proximal nail plate has greater than 180° angle

to nail fold, watch-glass nails, bulbous digits

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2
Q

Clubbing

Associated Disease

A

Cyanotic heart disease, bacterial endocarditis,

pulmonary disorders, GI disorders, etc

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3
Q

Koilonychia

Definition/Etiology

A

Spoon shaped nails

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4
Q

Koilonychia

Associated Disease

A

Fe deficiency, malnutrition, DM

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5
Q

Onycholysis

Definition/Etiology

A

Separation of nail plate from nail beb

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6
Q

Onycholysis

Associated Disease

A

Psoriasis, dermatophytes, thyroid disease

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7
Q

Onychogryphosis

Definition/Etiology

A

Hypertrophy of the nail plate producing a

curved, claw-like deformity

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8
Q

Onychogryphosis

Associated Disease

A

Poor circulation, chronic inflammation, tinea

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9
Q

Onychohemia

Definition/Etiology

A

Subungual hematoma

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10
Q

Onychohemia

Associated Disease

A

Trauma to nail bed

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11
Q

Onychomycosis

Definition/Etiology

A

Fungal infection of nail (e.g. dermatophyte,

yeast, mould)

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12
Q

Onychomycosis

Associated Disease

A

HIV, DM, peripheral arterial disease

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13
Q

Onychocryptosis

Definition/Etiology

A

Ingrown toenail often hallux with congenital
malalignment, painful inflammation,
granulation tissue

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14
Q

Onychocryptosis

Associated Disease

A

Tight fitting shoes, excessive nail clipping

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15
Q

V-Shaped Nicking

Definition/Etiology

A

Distal margin has v-shaped loss of the nail

plate

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16
Q

V-Shaped Nicking

Associated Disease

A

Darier’s disease (keratosis follicularis)

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17
Q

Pterygium Inversus Unguium

Definition/Etiology

A

Distal nail plate does not separate from

underlying nail bed

18
Q

Pterygium Inversus Unguium

Associated Disease

A

Scleroderma

19
Q

Pitting

Definition/Etiology

A

Punctate depressions that migrate distally

with growth

20
Q

Pitting

Associated Disease

A

Psoriasis (random pattern), alopecia areata

(geometric, grid-shaped arrangement), eczema

21
Q

Transverse Ridging

Definition/Etiology

A

Transverse depressions often more in central

portion of nail plate

22
Q

Transverse Ridging

Associated Disease

A

Serious acute illness slows nail growth (when
present in all nails = Beau’s lines), eczema,
chronic paronychia, trauma

23
Q

Transverse White Lines

Definition/Etiology

A

Bands of white discolouration

24
Q

Transverse White Lines

Associated Disease

A

Poisons, hypoalbuminemia (Muehrcke’s lines)

25
Q

Yellow Naila Associated Disease

A

Tinea, jaundice, tetracycline, pityriasis rubra
pilaris, yellow nail syndrome, psoriasis,
tobacco use

26
Q

Green Nails

Associated Disease

A

Pseudomonas

27
Q

Black Nails Associated Disease

A

Melanoma, hematoma

28
Q

Brown Nails Associated Disease

A

Nicotine use, psoriasis, poisons, longitudinal

melanonychia (ethnic)

29
Q

Splinter Hemorrhages

Definition/Etiology

A

Extravasation of blood from longitudinal
vessels of nail bed, blood attaches to overlying
nail plate and moves distally as it grows

30
Q

Splinter Hemorrhages

Associated Disease

A

Trauma, bacterial endocarditis, blood

dyscrasias, psoriasis

31
Q

Oil Spots

Definition/Etiology

A

Brown-yellow discolouration

32
Q

Associated Disease

A

Psoriasis

33
Q

Herpetic Whitlow

Definition/Etiology

A

HSV infection of distal phalanx

34
Q

Paronychia

Definition/Etiology

A

Local inflammation of the nail fold around the

nail bed

35
Q

Paronychia

Associated Disease

A

Acute: painful infection
Chronic: constant wetting (e.g. dishwashing,
thumbsucking)

36
Q

Nail Fold Telangiectasias

Definition/Etiology

A

Cuticular hemorrhages, roughness, capillary

changes

37
Q

Nail Fold Telangiectasias

Associated Disease

A

Scleroderma, SLE, dermatomyositis

38
Q

Temporary Loss

Definition/Etiology

A

Occurs without scarring

39
Q

Temporary Loss

Associated Disease

A

Trauma (especially toenails or fingernails after
large subungal hematoma), Beau’s lins after
severe illness

40
Q

Permanent Loss

Definition/Etiology

A

Occurs with scarring

41
Q

Permanent Loss

Associated Disease

A 
Lichen planus (pterygium), genetic
abnormalities (rare)

Dermatology for MCCQE1 (class #2) (58 decks)

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