N5 Grammar Flashcards

1
Q

Must not do (spoken japanese)

A

ちゃだめ/ちゃいけない/じゃだめ/じゃいけない Can also ~いけません
寝る前にスマホを見ちゃダメよ
☆ use て form of verb, remove て
☆て=ちゃ で=じゃ

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2
Q

I think
It seems
Probably

A

だろう
間違いないだろう It seems that there is no mistake.
嘘だろう。 You’re kidding (that’s a lie, right)
☆ verb dict., N, な\い adj. + だろう

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3
Q

Or

A

か〜か
良いか悪いかわかりません。 [よ]

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4
Q

But; however; although~ use between two contradicting ideas

A

けれども (vic polite), けれど (min polite)
外は寒いけれど、家の中は暖かいです。 It is cold outside, but the house is warm.
彼は若いけれども、警官がある。 [けいかん] Although he is young, he has experience.

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5
Q

Have not yet ~

A

まだ〜ていません
父はまだ帰ってきていない。 My father still hasn’t come home.
今週の新しい単語をまだ覚えていません。

☆まだ verb てない (spoken) / ていない

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6
Q

Sentence ending particle; confirmation; admiration

A

な(あ)

たくさんの人があるなあ。
これ、美味しいなあ。

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7
Q

Without doing ~
To do B without doing A

A

ないで
コーヒーには、いつもさとうを入れないで飲みます。 I always drink my coffee without putting any sugar in it.
傘を待たないで出てしまった。 She left without her umbrella.

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8
Q

Please don’t do

A

ないでください
それを食べないでください。 Please don’t eat that.

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9
Q

Don’t have to

A

なくてもいい
お金を払わなくてもいいです。 You don’t need to pay any money.

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10
Q

Must do (more formal)

A

なくてはいけない

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11
Q

To explain something, show emphasis

A

んです
何か飲みたいんでか

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12
Q

To decide on

A

にする
☆ noun + にする
明日を休みにする。 I am taking a day off tomorrow.
どれにする? Which will you have?
飲み物は何にする? What will you have to drink?
お茶にする。 I’ll have tea.
これにします。 I want this.
今日は部屋をきれいにします。I will clean my room today.

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13
Q

To be bad at something

A

のが下手 [へた]
漢字を勉強するのが下手です。
☆verb dictionary form

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14
Q

Because of… (more polite)

A

ので

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15
Q

Please give me 〜

A

をください

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16
Q

And; and then; after that; since then

A

それから
それからどうするのですか What will you do after that?
それから、アイス🍨 を食べた。And then we ate ice cream

17
Q

Is/has been done (resulting state)

A

てある

18
Q

Hard to do

A

〜 にくい
この自転車は古くて乗りにくいです。 This bike is old and difficult to ride.

19
Q

Whether or not ~

A

かどうか
行くかどうか後で電話で知らせます。 Whether or not I will go, I’ll let you know later by phone.
明日晴れるかどうか知らない。 I don’t know if the weather will be clear tomorrow.
それが正しいかどうかわからない。 I don’t know if that is correct or not.

20
Q

It seems like
I heard
Apparently

A

〜らしい
雨らしい。 It looks like it’s gonna rain.
寝すぎるのは、体に悪いらしいです。Sleeping too much is apparently bad for your body.
学生らしいもっと勉強しなさい。Study more like a real student.
今日は君らしくないな。 You don’t seem like yourself today.