N368 Chapters 30-34 Additional Practice Questions Flashcards
The nurse is preparing to give a patient in renal failure an injection of diuril. In regards to normal dosage, what dose should this patient receive?
A. The patient should receive the average dose
B. The Patient should receive higher than the average dose
C. The patient should receive less than the normal dose
D. The patients dose will be determined by their weight
C
What diagnostic test is the most commonly used and most useful for diagnosing renal failure? A: Urinalysis B: Serum Creatinine C: Biopsy D: Diagnostic Imaging
B
A patient has been diagnosed with chronic renal failure. The nurse understands that this patient most likely has a history of A: Diabetes Mellitus B: Hypertension C: Hypotension D: Both A and B
D
Acute renal failure is caused by hypoperfusion. The nurse understands that which of the following contribute to this? (Select all that apply) A: Heart Failure B: Diabetes Mellitus C: Arrhythmias D: Hemmorhage E: Dehydration
A C D E
Which of the following therapies are used to treat renal failure? (Select all that apply) A: Diuretic B: Cardiovascular Drugs C: Dietary Management D: Exercise
A B C
What drug is commonly used to treat anemia associated with renal failure? A: Procrit B: Diuril C: Aldactone D: None of these
A
How is hyperkalemia usually treated? A: Procrit B: Dietary Restriction C: Aldactone D: None of these
B
What drug is used to treat metabolic acidosis? A: Sodium Bicarb B: Magnesium Sulfate C: Diuril D: Alka Seltzer
A
It is widely understood that diuretics treat renal failure but they are also used to treat which of the following disorders? A: Hypertension B: Heart Failure C: Kidney Failure D: Liver Failure E: Edema
A B C D E
Which of the following are adverse effects of Diuretics? A: Fluid and Electrolyte Disturbances B: Dehydration C: Orthostatic Hypotension D: Heart Failure
A B C
What are the four classes of diuretics?
Loop
Thiazide
Postassium Sparing
Misc
Which of the following drugs belong to the strongest and most effective group of diuretics? A: Bumex B: Diuril C: Microzide D: Midamor
A
The nurse is preparing to administer a dose of Lasix to a patient. The nurse understands that which of the following is a serious adverse effect of drugs in the loop diuretic class? A: Coma B: Hyperglycemia C: Nausea D: Circulatory Collapse
D
What baseline information must be gathered for a patient taking loop and thiazide diuretics? (Select all that apply)
A: Lab Values (especially Potassium and Sodium)
B: Urinary Output
C: BUN and Creatinine
D: Glucose
E: Hgb and HcT
F: Uric Acid
A B C D F
D: None of the above statements report adequate teachig”
A
D” You can decided”
B
How does the drug torsemide compare to Lasix?
A: It is 40 times stronger than lasix
B: It has a longer half life than lasix
C: It treats treats hypertension and lasix does not
D: None of the above
B
How does the drug bumex compare to lasix?
A: It is 40 times stronger than lasix
B: It has a longer half life than lasix
C: It treats treats hypertension and lasix does not
D: None of the above
A
What is the largest and most commonly prescribed class of diuretics? A: Loop B: Thiazide C: Potassium Sparing D: Misc
B
The drug Diuril has been precribed for a patient suffering from severe renal failure. Why should this alert the nurse?
A: This drug can not be prescribe to a patient who is suffering from any type of renal failure
B: This drug can not treat severe renal failure
C: There should be no cause for concern about giving the patient diuril
D: Diuril has been taken off the market
B
What is the correct dose for an IV dose of the drug Diuril? A: 0.5g/10 minutes B: 0.5g/7 minutes C: 0.5g/5 minutes D: 0.7g / 7 minutes
C
If a patient is given the PO version of diuril, when should it be taken? A: A night before bed B: In the morning C: In the afternoon D: None of the above
B
Which of the following should be avoided if you are taking the drug diuril?(select all that apply) A: Licorice B: Garlic C: Gingko D: Hawthorn
A B D
Zaroxolyn belongs to which class of diuretics? A: Loop B: Potassium Sparing C: Thiazide D: Misc
C
If thiazide diuretics are used with Digoxin, what may happen?
A: There may be a decreased potassium level in the patient
B: There may be an increased potassium level
C: There could be toxicity
B
If thiazide diuretics are used with Lithium, what may happen?
A: There may be a decreased potassium level in the patient
B: There may be an increased potassium level
C: There could be toxicity
C
The patient taking thiazide diuretics should be educated about the use of
A: Water as an increased fluid in their diet
B: Not to take potassium supplements
C: Use of sunscreen
D: Medications to decrease joint pain
C
Which of the following symptoms may indicate that the patient is suffering from hypokalemia? (Select all that apply) A: Muscle weakness B: Muscle cramps C: Abdominal Pain D: Jaundice
A B
A patient taking thiazide diuretics can take potassium supplements. True or False
TRUE
In regards to glucose control a patient taking thiazide diuretics should be aware of the possiblity of developing
A: Hypoglycemia
B: Hyperglycemia
C: There should not be a concern about glucose control
D: None of the above
B
If a patient is taking potassium sparing diuretics they should not eat or drink which of the following?(Select all that apply) A: Banannas B: Orange Juice C: Grapefruit Juice D: Lettuce
A B
Which of the following are adverse effects of potassium sparing diuretics that either a male or female may wish to be aware of?(select all that apply)
A: Gynecomastic
B: Ammenorhea
C: Impotence
D: None of these are adverse effects of potassium sparing diuretics
A B C
Midamor belongs to which class of diuretics? A: Loop B: Thiazide C: Potassium Sparing D. Misc
C
Aldactone belongs to which class of diuretics? A: Loop B: Thiazide C: Potassium Sparing D: Misc
C
What should be assessed before giving a patient a potassium sparing diuretic?(Select all that apply) A: Electrolytes B: Glucose C: BUN D: Creatinine
A B D
If aldactone (spironolactone) is used with Ace Inhibitors what can this cause? A: Hypokalemia B: Hyperkalemia C: Hypernatremia D: Hyponatremia
B
Aldactone should be taken with A: Food B: Grapefruit juice C: Orange Juice D: Banannas
A
True or false a patient taking potassium sparing diuretics can take potassium supplements?
FALSE
True or False if potassium sparing diuretics with lithium and digoxin toxicity can occur.
TRUE
A Patient taking potassium sparing diuretics should understand that
A: They should use sunscreen
B: They should take potassium supplements
C: They should increase their intake of potassium
A
Diamox is a diuretic but it is also used to treat A: Intracranial Swelling B: Glaucoma C: CVA D: Hypokalemia
B
Manitol is used to treat A: Intracranial Swelling B: Glaucoma C: CVA D: Hypokalemia
A
For any type of diuretic therapy you must get some baseline information. What is that information?
Weight, Vital Signs especially blood pressure and pulse, breath sounds, Cardiac Monitoring with an ECG
What is the best beverage for a patient on diuretic therapy?
Plain Water
What are the signs of Diabetes Mellitus?
Polydypsia and Polyphagia
What is essential for hemostasis?
Water balance
IV therapy is indicated for
Body fluids
Electrolytes
Acid - Base
Where sodium goes
water goes
Hypertonic solution
water moves from interstial space to plasma
Hypotonic Solution
Water moves from plasma to interstitial space
Isotonic solution
No fluid shift
What is the most important regulator of fluid intake?
Thirst
What regulates fluid output?
Kidneys
If there is a defecit in fluid balance what is used to treat this?
Oral or IV fluids
if there is an excess in fluid balance what is used to treat this?
Diuretics
When giving IV fluid therapy what is used?
Crystalloids and Colloids
Which of the following are all ways that we lose water and electrolytes?(Select all that apply) A: Suctioning B: Vomiting C: Diarrhea D: Laxatives E: GI fluid Loss
A B C D E
Crystalloids contain
Electrolytes
Which of the following are examples of crystalloids? (Select all that apply) A: Normal Saline B: Lactated Ringers C: Albumin D: D5W
A B D
Which of the following are examples of colloids? (Select all that apply) A: Dextran B: Hetastarch C: Albumin D: Lactated Ringers
A B C
A person taking colloids should have their Hct monitored. When should a measurement be reported? A: Hct below 50 % B: Hct below 70% C: HCT below 30 % D: HCT does not have to be reported
C
When administering IV fluid replacement it is essential that you monitor for A: Fluid depletion B: Fluid Overload C: Fluid Excess D: All of the above
D
Dextran 40 is used to treat which of the following? A: Hypovolemic Shock B: Cardiac Shock C: Neurogenic Shock D: Anaphylactic Shock
A
What are the symptoms of fluid volume overload?(Select all that apply) A: tachy B: Pulmonary edema C: Distended neck veins D: Dyspnea E: Cough F: HTN
A B C D E F
Electrolytes are essential for
Nerve conduction
Membrane permeability
Water balance
What is the normal level of calcium A: 4-11 B: 95 -112 C: 0.5 -4 D: 1-6
A
What is the normal level of chloride A: 4-11 B: 95 -112 C: 0.5 -4 D: 1-6
B
What is the normal level of magnesium? A: 4-11 B: 95 -112 C: 0.5 -4 D: 1-6
C
What is the normal level of phosphate? A: 4-11 B: 95 -112 C: 0.5 -4 D: 1-6
D
What is the normal level of potassium? A: 3.5 - 5 B: 135 -45 C: 4-11 D: 0.5 -4
A
What is the normal level of Sodium? A: 3.5 - 5 B: 135 -45 C: 4-11 D: 0.5 -4
B
What is the most common cause of hypernatremia? A: Liver failure B: Kidney Disease C: Heart Failure D: Fluid loss
B
High doses of what drugs can cause hypernatremia?
gluccocoritcoids and estrogens
How do we treat hypernatremia?
Low salt diet
What is the most common cause of hyponatremia? A: Decrease in antidiuretic hormone B: Excess antidiuretic hormone C: Vomiting D: None of the above
B
How do we treat hyponatremia?(Select all that apply) A: loops B: Normal Saline C: Lactated Riingers D: Albumin
A B C
When the level of sodium falls below 130 what is used to treat? A: Sodium bicarb B: Sodium Chloride C: Lactated Ringers D: Albumin
B
Potassium imbalances can be
fatal
Hyperkalemia becomes a risk when a patient is taking
Potassium sparing diuretics
How do we treat hyperkalemia? (Select all that apply)
A: Decrease K Sparing Diuretics
B: Gluocose and insulin
C: Calcium to stop toxicity on the heart
D: Kayexalate and Sorbitol
A B C D
How do we treat hypokalemia? (Select all that apply) A: Increase dietary intake of potassium B: Oral K supplements C: Parenteral K Supplements D: K chloride
A B C D
Never give potassium IV
Push
What is the normal Ph balance?
7.35 - 7.45
Respiratory acidosis is caused by
hypoventilation
Metabolic Acidosis is caused by
severe diarrhea Kidney failure DM Excess alcohol intake Starvation
How do we treat metabolic acidosis? A: Potassium chloride B: Sodium Chloride C: Sodium Bicarb D: None of the above
C
What are the respiratory causes of alkalosis?
hyperventilation