Myra Estrin Levine

Question 1

Born in Chicago in 1920 (Masters, 2012). She obtained a diploma from Cook County School of Nursing in 1944.

Answer 1

Myra Estrin Levine

Question 2

Levine believed that the foundational belief of the sanctity of life provided the structure for all moral systems and that all of the efforts of the healing sciences were founded upon the holiness and wholeness of the human being.

Answer 2

Levine
Concepts of the Conservation Principle

Question 3

She used the term conservation to label the framework because it was derived from the Latin word meaning “to keep together”

Answer 3

Levine
Concepts of the Conservation Principle

Question 4

Levine viewed adaptation as the process by which conservation is achieved

Answer 4

Levine
Concepts of the Conservation Principle

Question 5

The goal of the conservation model is to promote adaptation and maintain wholeness using the principles of conservation

Answer 5

Levine
Concepts of the Conservation Principle

Question 6

Levine defined adaptation as the process whereby the patient maintains integrity within the realities of the environment; it is the result of interaction between the person and his internal and external environment

Answer 6

Levine
Adaption

Question 7

The physiological and behavioral responses of each individual are different under different conditions. Therefore, it is possible to anticipate certain kinds of reactions, but the individuality or uniqueness of responses vary.

Answer 7

Levine
Adaption

Question 8

Adaptation includes the following characteristics:
a.
b.
c.

Answer 8

a. historicity
b. specificity
c. redundancy

Question 9

Adaptation is a historical process, responses are based on past experiences and genetic pattern

Answer 9

a. historicity

Question 10

Each system has very specific responses in relation to a particular challenge

Answer 10

b. specificity

Question 11

Represents the options available to the individual to ensure continued adaptation; if one system does not adapt, another can take over

Answer 11

c. redundancy

Question 12

It is the product of adaptation. It describes the way complex systems are able to continue to function even when severely challenged.

Answer 12

Levine
Conservation

Question 13

It is through conservation that persons are able to face challenges, adapt, and maintain their uniqueness

Answer 13

Levine
Conservation

Question 14

It focuses on achieving a balance of energy supply and demand within the biological realities unique to the individual

Answer 14

Levine
Conservation

Question 15

The goals of conservation model are achieved through interventions geared toward the “Four Conservation Principles”

Answer 15

Levine
Conservation

Question 16

The individual requires a balance of energy and a constant renewal of energy to maintain life activities

Answer 16

“Four Conservation Principles”
Conservation of Energy

Question 17

It focuses on the healing process. It involves maintaining or restoring the structure of the body by preventing physical breakdown and promoting health. Nursing activities are geared towards limiting injury.

Answer 17

“Four Conservation Principles”
Conservation of Structural Integrity

Question 18

includes recognition of the wholeness of each person; seeing the individual as one who strives for recognition, respect, self-awareness, and self-determination. It encompasses the ideas that self-worth and self-identity are important and, therefore, nurses should show patients respect.

Answer 18

“Four Conservation Principles”
Conservation of Personal Integrity

Question 19

life gains meaning through social communities and health is socially determined. Individuals use their relationships to define themselves, and one’s identity is connected to his social circles (ex: family, community, workplace, school, religion).

Answer 19

“Four Conservation Principles”
Conservation of Social Integrity

Question 20

Nurses fulfill professional roles and use interpersonal relationships to conserve social integrity.

Answer 20

“Four Conservation Principles”
Conservation of Social Integrity

Question 21

wholeness emphasizes a sound, organic, progressive, mutuality between diversified functions and parts within an entirety, the boundaries of which are open and fluent.

Answer 21

Levine
Wholeness (Holism)

Question 22

It exists when the interaction or constant adaptations to the environment permit ease.

Answer 22

Levine
Wholeness (Holism)

Question 23

A holistic being; cannot be understood outside the context of the place and time in which he is functioning, or separated from the influence of everything that is happening around him.

Answer 23

Levine
Person

Question 24

Human beings that are continually adapting in their interactions with the environment. The process of adaptation results in conservation.

Answer 24

Levine Person

Question 25

Socially determined by the ability to function in a reasonable manner

Answer 25

Levine Health

Question 26

NOT just the absence of pathological
conditions

Answer 26

Levine Health

Question 27

is return to self

Answer 27

Health

Question 28

The context in which we live our lives

Answer 28

Levine Environment

Question 29

3 Aspects of Environment:
1.
2.
3.

Answer 29

1. Operational
2. Perceptual
3. Conceptual

Question 30

Undetected natural forces that interrupt the individual

Answer 30

3 Aspects of Environment:
Operational

Question 31

information that is recorded by the sensory organs

Answer 31

3 Aspects of Environment:
Perceptual

Question 32

influenced by
language, culture, ideas, and cognition

Answer 32

3 Aspects of Environment:
Conceptual

Question 33

Takes place wherever there is an individual who needs care to some degree

Answer 33

Levine Nursing

Question 34

a human interaction; it becomes therapeutic when nursing interventions influences adaptation favorably or results to renewed social well being of the client

Answer 34

Levine Nursing