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Spinal Anatomy Exam 3 > MYOLOGY OF THE BACK > Flashcards

MYOLOGY OF THE BACK Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the muscles attaching to spinous processes represent layer one of the true back?

A

trapezius, latissimus dorsi

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2
Q

Which of the muscles attaching to spinous processes represent layer two of the true back?

A

rhomboid major, rhomboid minor

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3
Q

Which muscles attaching to the transverse processes represent layer two of the true back?

A

levator scapulae

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4
Q

The trapezius is innervated by what nerve?

A

the spinal accessory nerve

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5
Q

What forms the spinal accessory nerve innervating the trapezius?

A

C1-C5 cord levels contribute to the spinal root of the spinal accessory nerve

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6
Q

The latissimus dorsi is innervated by what nerve?

A

the thoracodorsal nerve

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7
Q

What forms the thoracodorsal nerve innervating the latissimus dorsi?

A

ventral rami from C6-C8

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8
Q

Which of the muscles of the true back are innervated by the dorsal sacpular nerve?

A

levator scapulae, rhomboid major, rhomboid minor

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9
Q

What forms the dorsal scapular nerve?

A

the ventral ramus of C5

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10
Q

The levator scapulae is innervated by what nerves?

A

the dorsal scapular nerve (ventral ramus of C5) and branches from C3. C4 ventral rami

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11
Q

The rhomboid major is innervated by what nerves?

A

the dorsal scapular nerve (ventral ramus of C5) and branches from C4 ventral ramus

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12
Q

The rhomboid minor is innervated by what nerves?

A

the dorsal scapular nerve (ventral ramus of C5) and branches from C4 ventral ramus

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13
Q

What muscles lie beneath the trapezius in the neck?

A

splenius capitis and splenius cervicis

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14
Q

What does the word “splenius” mean?

A

it is the greek word for bandage

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15
Q

What part of the vertebra forms the osseous origin for the splenius muscles?

A

the spinous process

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16
Q

What is the innervation of the splenius capitis?

A

dorsal rami of middle cervical spinal nerves (C3-C5)

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17
Q

Spenius cervicis will attach to what locations on the spine?

A

lateral mass of C1 and posterior tubercle of transverse process on C1-C4

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18
Q

What is the innervation of the splenius cervicis?

A

dorsal rami of lower cervical spinal nerves (C5-C7 cord levels)

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19
Q

Which muscles represent the fourth layer of the true back?

A

the erector spinae or sacrospinalis muscles

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20
Q

Which muscles are identified as erector spinae or sacrospinalis muscles?

A

iliocostalis, longissimus, spinalis

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21
Q

What osseous parts of the vertebral column serve as an origin to the iliocostalis lumborum?

A

spinous processes of T11-T12, L1-L5, median sacral crest, lateral sacral crest

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22
Q

What is the insertion for the iliocostalis lumborum?

A

costal angles of the lower 6-9 (lol) ribs (rib6-rib12 or rib3-rib12)

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23
Q

What is the innervation of the iliocostalis lumborum?

A

dorsal rami of lower thoracic and all lumbar spinal nerves

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24
Q

Which subdivision of the iliocostalis muscle appears to have a reversal of origin-insertion?

A

iliocostalis lumborum pars lumborum

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25
Q

What osseous parts of the vertebral column serve as an origin to the iliocostalis thoracics?

A

none

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26
Q

What osseous part of the vertebral column serves as an insertion for the iliocostalis thoracis?

A

transverse process of C7

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27
Q

Which subdivision of the iliocostalis primarily originates and inserts on ribs?

A

iliocostalis thoracis

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28
Q

What is the innervation of the iliocostalis thoracis?

A

dorsal rami of upper 6 throacic spinal nerves (T1-T6 cord levels)

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29
Q

What osseous parts of the vertebral column serve as an origin to the iliocostalis cervicis?

A

none

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30
Q

What is the innervation of the iliocostalis cervicis?

A

dorsal rami of T1, T2 spinal nerves, sometimes C8 spinal nerve (C8, T1, T2 cord levels)

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31
Q

What osseous parts of the vertebral column serve as an origin to the longissimus thoracis?

A

accessory process an transverse processes of L1-L5. spinous processes of L3-L5 and median sacral crest S1-S3

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32
Q

Which erector spinae muscle is attached to the accessory process?

A

longissimus thoracis

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33
Q

What is the inneration of the longissimus thoracis?

A

dorsal rami of all thoracic and lumbar spinal nerves (cord levels T1-T12, L1-L5)

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34
Q

What osseous parts of the vertebral column serve as an origin to the longissimus thoracis pars lumborum?

A

accessory process and medial part of transverse process of L1-L5

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35
Q

What is the insertion for the longissimus thoracis pars lumborum?

A

posterior superior iliac spine (PSIS) of the inominate bone

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36
Q

Which subdivision of the longissimus muscle apppears to have a reversal of origin - insertion?

A

longissimus thoracis pars lumborum

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37
Q

What is the innervation of the longissimus capitis?

A

dorsal rami of C1-C3 or C4 spinal nerves, (C1-C3 or C4 cord levels)

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38
Q

Which erector spinae muscles attach to cervical articular processes?

A

longissimus cervicis and longissimus capitis

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39
Q

What is the innervation of the spinalis thoracis?

A

dorsal rami of all thoracic and upper lumbar spinal nerves

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40
Q

What is the innervation of the spinalis cervicis?

A

dorsal rami of all cervical spinal nerves (C1-C8 cord levels)

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41
Q

What is the innervation of the spinalis capitis?

A

dorsal rami of lower cervical and upper thoracic spinal nerves

42
Q

Which muscles are identified as trasnversospinalis muscle?

A

semispinalis, multifidis, and rotators

43
Q

Based on the name of this group (transversospinalis) what is the origin - insertion of the transversospinalis?

A

transverse process origin, spinous process insertion

44
Q

How many vertebrae can be attached to a single segment by transversospinalis muscles?

A

as many as nine vertebrae

45
Q

What segment will represent the lowest attachment site for the semispinalis thoracis?

A

T12

46
Q

What is the innervation of the semispinalis thoracics?

A

dorsal rami of T1-T6 spinal nerves (cord levels T1-T6)

47
Q

What osseous parts of the vertebral column serve as an origin to the semispinalis cervicis?

A

transverse tubercles of T1-T5 or T6 and articular processes of C4-C7

48
Q

What is the innervation of the semispinalis cervicis?

A

dorsal rami of C6-C8 spinal nerves (Cord levels C6-C8)

49
Q

What osseous parts of the vertebral column serve as an origin to the semispinalis capitis?

A

transverse tubercles of C7, T1-T6 or T7 and articular processes of C4-C6

50
Q

What is the innervation of the semispinalis capitis?

A

dorsal rami of C1-C6 spinal nerves (cord levels C1-C6)

51
Q

The biventer cervicis is formed by the fusion of what muscles?

A

semispinalis capitis and spinalis capitis

52
Q

What regional subdivisions are now identified with multifidis muscles?

A

lumbar multifidis, thoracic multifidis, and cervical multifidis

53
Q

Which transversospinalis muscle attaches to articular and mammillary processes along the spine

A

multifidis

54
Q

What is the innervation of the classic multifidis?

A

dorsal rami of C3-C8, T1-T12, L1-L5 and S1 spinal nerves (cord levels C3-C8, T1-T12, L1-L5 and S1)

55
Q

Contraction of multifidis cervicis will result in what movements?

A

alters the zygapophyseal capsular ligament response to load distribution
determines the cervical spine response to injury as evidenced by neck pain and is a significant contributor to postural control of the head and neck

56
Q

Which subdivision of multifidis may demonstrate a reversal of origin - insertion?

A

multifidis lumoborum

57
Q

Contraction of multifidis lumborum will result in what movements?

A

lateral flexion and rotation of the lumbar spine, maintains the lumbar lordotic curve and prevents entrapment of lumbar zygapophyseal capsular ligament during movement

58
Q

which muscles of the spine exhibit a reversal of the expected origin - insertion?

A

iliocostalis lumborum par lumborum, longissimus thoracic pars lumborum, and multifidis lumborum

59
Q

What will replace muscles spanning one or two segmental levels in the cervicals and lumbars?

A

deep layers of the multifidis

60
Q

Which suboccipital muscle lacks an attachment to the skull?

A

obliquus capitis inferior

61
Q

Which nerve will innervate all suboccipital muscles

A

the dorsal ramus of C1, the suboccipital nerve

62
Q

What is the origin of the obliquus capitis inferior?

A

C2 spinous process and lamina

63
Q

What is the insertion of the obliquus capitis inferior?

A

transverse process of C1

64
Q

Contraction of obliquus capitis inferior will result in what movement?

A

turns the face to the side

65
Q

An increase in the density of muscle spindles is most apparent in which suboccipital muscle?

A

obliquus capitis inferior

66
Q

Suboccipital muscle feedback relays to what additional locations in the brain?

A

extraocular nuclei of origin, primary visual cortex and vestibular nuclei

67
Q

What is the result of communication between suboccipital muscles, visual centers and vestibular centers?

A

coordination of head and eye position

68
Q

What is the proposed function of the suboccipital muscle group?

A

postural stabilizers of the atlanto-occipital and atlanto-axial joints

69
Q

Which suboccipital muscles are known to attach to dura mater?

A

rectus capitis posterior major, recuts capitis posterior minor and obliquus capitis inferior

70
Q

Interspinalis is paired in which regions of the spine?

A

cervical and lumbar regions

71
Q

Based on the density of muscle spindles what is the proposed function of the interspinalis?

A

acts as a proprioceptive transducer in conjunction with intertransversarii to coordinate the smooth movement of the spine and to maintain appropriate posture

72
Q

INtertransversarii are paired in which region (s) of the spine?

A

cervical and lumbar regions

73
Q

Which muscle group is innervated by both dorsal rami and ventral rami of spinal nerves?

A

intertransversarii

74
Q

Based on the density of muscle spindles what is the proposed function of the intertransversarii?

A

acts as a proprioceptive transducer in conjunction with interspinalis to coordinate the smooth movement of the spine and to maintain appropriate posture

75
Q

What is the origin of the longus colli?

A

vertebral bodies of C5-C6, T1-T3 and anterior tubercles of transverse processes C3-C5

76
Q

What will innervate the longus colli?

A

ventral rami of C2-C6 or C7 spinal nerves

77
Q

What is the insertion of the longus capitis?

A

basilar part of the occipital bone

78
Q

What will innervate the longus capitis?

A

the ventral rami of C1-C3 spinal nerves

79
Q

What is the origin of the rectus capitis anterior?

A

lateral mass and costal element of the transverse process of C1

80
Q

What will innervate the rectus capitis anterior?

A

ventral rami of C1-C2 spinal nerves

81
Q

What is the insertion of the rectus capitis lateralis?

A

jugular process of the occipital bone

82
Q

What will innervate the rectus capitis lateralis?

A

jugular process of the occipital bone

83
Q

What will innervate the rectus capitis lateralis?

A

the ventral rami of C1-C2 spinal nerves

84
Q

What is the insertion of the anterior scalene?

A

ridge and anterior scalene tubercle of the first rib

85
Q

What will innervate the anterior scalene?

A

the ventral rami of C2-C6 spinal nerves

86
Q

What is the insertion of the middle scalene?

A

between the tubercle and groove for the subclavian artery on the first rib

87
Q

Contraction of middle scalene will result in what movements/

A

laterally flex the neck; elevate the first rib

88
Q

What will innervate the middle scalene?

A

the ventral rami of C3-C8 spinal nerves

89
Q

What will innervate the posterior scalene?

A

the ventral rami of C6-C8 spinal nerves

90
Q

The quadratus lumborum is implicated in the formation of which ligament?

A

the iliolumbar ligament

91
Q

What osseous part of the vertebral column serves as an origin to the quadratus lumborum?

A

transverse process of L5

92
Q

What will innervate the quadratus lumborum?

A

the ventral rami of T12 and L1-L3 or L4 spinal nerves

93
Q

What is the origin of the posas major?

A

vertebral bodies T12, L1-L5, S1 and transverse processes of L1-L5

94
Q

What will innervate the posas major?

A

primarily the ventral rami of L2 and L3, may include ventral rami of L1 and L4 spinal nerves

95
Q

What is the origin of the psoas minor?

A

vertebral bodies T12, L1

96
Q

What will innervate the posas minor?

A

the ventral ramus of L1 spinal nerve

97
Q

What will innervate the iliacus?

A

the femoral nerve, primarily the ventral rami of L2 and L3

98
Q

What will innervate the levator costarum brevis?

A

the dorsal rami of T1-T12 spinal nerves

99
Q

What will innervate the levator costarum longus?

A

the dorsal rami of the lower thoracic spinal nerves

100
Q

What will innervate the serratus posterior superior?

A

the ventral rami of T2-T5 spinal nerves…intercostal nerves

101
Q

What will innervate the serratus posterior inferior?

A

the ventral rami of T9-T11, the intercostal nerves and the ventral ramus of T12, the subcostal nerve

Spinal Anatomy Exam 3 (15 decks)

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