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Spinal Anatomy Exam 3 > ARTHOLOGY OF THE VERTEBRAL COLUMN - additional vertebral column arthology (joints) > Flashcards

ARTHOLOGY OF THE VERTEBRAL COLUMN - additional vertebral column arthology (joints) Flashcards

1
Q

What are the attachment sites of the anterior atlanto-occipital ligament?

A

it is attached to the upper margin of the anterior arch of C1 and to the anterior margin of the foramen magnum

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2
Q

What is the median thickening of the anterior atlanto-occipital ligament called?

A

the anterior longitudinal ligament

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3
Q

What is the classic function of the anterior atlanto-occiptial ligament?

A

it brakes or limits “extension” of the skull over the cervical spine

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4
Q

What is the classic function of the posterior atlanto-occipital ligament?

A

it brakes or limits axial rotation, flexion, and perhaps lateral bending of the skull on atlas

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5
Q

What amount of flexion-extension is accommodated by the atlanto-occipital joint?

A

about twenty-five degrees

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6
Q

What amount of axial rotation is accommodated by the atlanto-occipital joint?

A

about three to eight degrees one side axial rotation

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7
Q

What amount of lateral bending is accommodated by the atlanto-occipital joint?

A

about five degrees

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8
Q

Which motion is best accommodated by the atlanto-occipital joint?

A

flexion-extension

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9
Q

What are the joint surfaces of the median atlanto-axial joint at the anterior bursa?

A

the fovea dentis of C1 and the facet for fovea dentis of C2

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10
Q

What are the joint surfaces of the median atlanto-axial joint at the posterior bursa?

A

the groove for the transverse atlantal ligament of C2 and the transverse atlantal ligament

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11
Q

What ligament is formed by the transverse atlantal ligament and its perpendicular extension?

A

the cruciate ligament or cruciform ligament

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12
Q

What is the function of the transverse atlantal ligament?

A

it is the primary stabilizer of the atlanto-axial joint restricing the distance of C2 from the anterior arch of C1

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13
Q

What is the ADI?

A

the Atlanto-Dental Interspace, a radiographic distance between the surfaces of the anterior bursa of the median atlanto-axial joint

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14
Q

What is the ADI of children compared with that of adults?

A

about 4.5mm in children; a range of 2-3mm or about 2.5mm in adults

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15
Q

What are the characteristics of the capsular ligament of the lateral atlanto-axial joint?

A

it is lax or loose and demonstrates a meniscoidal fold within the joint cavity

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16
Q

Where is accessory atlanto-axial ligament observed?

A

anterior to the membrana tectoria/tectorial membrane

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17
Q

What are the attachment sites for the accessory atlanto-axial ligament?

A

the base of the odontoid process and vertebral body of axis to the tubercle for the transverse atlantal ligament on the lateral mass of C1; a superior continuation may attach on the occipital bone just behind that of the alar ligament

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18
Q

What ligament forms the posterior boundary of the spinal canal at the C1/C2 vertebral couple?

A

the posterior atlanto-axial ligament

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19
Q

What are the degrees of movement facilitated at the atlanto-axial joint?

A

about 20 degrees flexion-extension, 40 degrees one side axial rotation, and 5 degrees of lateral bending

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20
Q

The occiput-C1-C2 joint complex accounts for what percent of all cervical axial rotation?

A

about 60%

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21
Q

What name is given to the occipital-C2 region of the spine?

A

the craniovertebral junction

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22
Q

What ligaments are present at the occipito-axial joint?

A

the apical ligament of the dens/apicodental ligament, alar ligament and membrana tectoria/tectorial membrane

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23
Q

What ligament attaches to the anterior margin of the foramen magnum and the tip of the odontoid process of C2?

A

the apical ligament of the dens or the apicodental ligament

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24
Q

Embryologicall, what forms the apical ligament of the dens or the apicodental ligament?

A

the notochord

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25
Q

What is the function of the apical ligament of the dens or the apicodental ligament?

A

it has no known function

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26
Q

What ligament attaches to the posterolateral part of the odontoid process of C2 and to surfaces on the medial border of the occipital condyle or as far anterior as the anterolateral margin of the foramen magnum?

A

the alar ligament

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27
Q

What is the funciton of the alar ligament?

A

together they function to resist axial rotation

28
Q

What forms the cranial continuation of the posterior longitudinal ligament?

A

the membrana tectoria or tectorial membrane

29
Q

What ligament is anterior to the dura mater of the medulla oblongata-spinal cord junction?

A

the membrana tectoria or tectorial membrane

30
Q

What is the function of the membrana tectoria or tectorial membrane?

A

it resists flexion and extension of the skull on the upper cervical spine

31
Q

List, in order, the ligaments in a midsagittal plane from the dura mater at the level of the medulla oblongata to the anterior bursa of the median atlanto-axial joint?

A

the membrana tectoria (tectorial membrane)
the cruciate ligament
the capsular ligament of the posterior bursa of the median atlanto-axial joint
the apical ligament of the dens or the apicodental ligament

32
Q

For the cervical spine below C2, what is the range of flexion-extension?

A

about 90 degrees or about 18 degrees per couple

33
Q

For the cervical spine below C2, what is the range of one side lateral bending?

A

about 50 degrees or about 10 degrees per couple

34
Q

For the cervical spine below C2, what is the range of one side axial rotation?

A

about 33 degrees or about six degrees per couple

35
Q

What are the joint surfaces of the costocentral joint of the first, eleventh and twelfth ribs?

A

the superior costal facet on the vertebral body of T1, T11 or T12, and the articular surface of the head of the first, eleventh or twelfth rib

36
Q

An intra-articular ligament will be identified with which ribs?

A

ribs 2-9

37
Q

At what rib will the superior costotransverse ligament be absent?

A

the first rib

38
Q

What ligaments will attach to the neck of the twelfth rib?

A

the superior costotransverse ligament from T11 and the lumbocostal ligament from L1

39
Q

Which ribs will have an attachment for the inferior costotransverse ligament?

A

rib 1 - rib 11

40
Q

Which ligament “fills” the costotransverse foramen?

A

the inferior costotransverse ligament

41
Q

Which vertebrae will have an attachment for the alteral costotransverse ligament?

A

T1-T11

42
Q

At what rib will the lateral costotransverse ligament be absent?

A

the twelfth rib

43
Q

Which vertebral couples of the thoracic spine have the greatest motion?

A

T11/T12 and T12/L1

44
Q

Which range of motion is greatest for lower thoracic vertebral couples?

A

flexion-extension

45
Q

Which range of motion is least for lower thoracic vertebral couples?

A

one side axial rotation

46
Q

Which ligaments replace the intertransverse ligament at the lumbosacral joint?

A

the iliolumbar ligament and lumbosacral ligament

47
Q

The lumbosacral ligament will blend with which sacro-iliac joint ligaments?

A

the anterior sacro-iliac ligament

48
Q

What are the attachment sites for the anterior iliolumbar ligament?

A

the vertebral body and transverse process of L5 is attached to the ilium

49
Q

What muscle is intimately attached to the superior iliolumbar ligament?

A

quadratus lumborum

50
Q

Which of the current ligaments from the iliolumbar ligament complex represents the iliolumbar ligament of classical descriptions?

A

the superior iliolumbar ligament

51
Q

Which ligament from the iliolumbar ligament complex represents the lumbosacral ligament of classical descriptions?

A

the inferior iliolumbar ligament

52
Q

Which vertebral couple of the lumbar spine has the greatest range of motion?

A

L5/S1

53
Q

Which range of motion is greatest for all lumbar vertebral couples?

A

flexion-extension

54
Q

Which range of motion is least for L1-L5 vertebral couples?

A

one side axial rotation

55
Q

Which range of motion is least for the l5/S1 vertebral couple

A

one side lateral bending

56
Q

What ligament represents the continuation of the posterior longitudinal ligament at the sacrococcygeal joint?

A

the deep posterior sacrococcygeal ligament

57
Q

What ligament represents the homolog of the ligamentum flavum at the scarococcygeal joint?

A

the superficial posterior sacrococcygeal ligament

58
Q

Which gender has greater unevenness of the auricular surface of the sacro-iliac joint?

A

males

59
Q

What forms the accessory sacro-iliac joint?

A

the sacral tuberosity and the iliac sulcus

60
Q

What pathological or age related modifications of the sacro-iliac joint may occur?

A

degenerative arthrosis and ankylosis

61
Q

What is the age and surface bias associated with degenerative arthrosis of the sacro-iliac joint?

A

age 40, the iliac auricular surface

62
Q

What is the age and gender bias associated with ankylosis of the sacro-iliac joint?

A

age 50 and male bias particularly in African American males

63
Q

Which is the strongest of the sacro-iliac ligaments?

A

the interosseous sacro-iliac ligament

64
Q

What passes between the layers of the interosseous sacro-iliac ligament?

A

dorsal rami from the sacral spinal nerves

65
Q

What ligament blends with the lateral border of the long posterior sacro-iliac ligament?

A

the sacrotuberous ligament

66
Q

What is formed by the continuation of the sacrotuberous ligament along the ischial ramus?

A

the falciform process

67
Q

What separates the greater sciatic and lesser sciatic foramina?

A

the sacrspinous ligament

Spinal Anatomy Exam 3 (15 decks)

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