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Spinal Anatomy Exam 3 > ARTHOLOGY OF THE VERTEBRAL COLUMN - intervertebral disc > Flashcards

ARTHOLOGY OF THE VERTEBRAL COLUMN - intervertebral disc Flashcards

1
Q

In the fetus, which vertebral levels will demonstrate intervertebral discs?

A

those between C2 and Co1 inclusive

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2
Q

What is the number of true intervertebral discs identified in the adult?

A

twenty-three

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3
Q

In the adult, which vertebral levels will demonstrate a true intervertebral disc?

A

those between C2 and S1 inclusive

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4
Q

What is the percent of intervertebral disc height contribution to the length of each region of the vertebral column?

A

cervical 22-25%
thoracic 20%
lumbar 33%

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5
Q

What si the effect of aging on the intervertebral disc nucleus pulposus?

A

it becomes more fibrous as water and proteoglycan concentrations diminish

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6
Q

What is the cervical nucleus pulposus composed of?

A

fibrocartilage

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7
Q

What is the consequence of non-aggregated glycosaminoglycans in the lumbar nucleus pulposus?

A

the nucleus pulposus will lose water under deformation conditions

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8
Q

What cell is associated with the nucleus pulposus until about age eleven?

A

notochord cells

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9
Q

Which type of collagen is dominant in the nucleus pulposus?

A

collagen type II

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10
Q

What is unusual about the cervical annulus fibrosus?

A

it lacks any lamellar or layered organization

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11
Q

What is the appearance of the cervical annulus fibrosus?

A

a horse-shoe with the anterior margin thick and the lateral margins tapering to the uncinate processes; the posterior margin is thin

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12
Q

What is the organization of the lumbar annulus fibrosus?

A

it has 12-14 concentric cylindrical lamellae

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13
Q

What is the consequence of aggregated glycosaminoglycans in the lumbar annulus givrosus?

A

the annulus fibrosus will retain water under deformation conditions

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14
Q

Which type of collagen is dominant in the annulus fibrosus?

A

collagen type I

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15
Q

What is the organization of collagen fibers between lamellae?

A

collagen fibers will be angled in the opposite direction such that a spiral - counterspiral organization is observed

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16
Q

What is the organizational pattern for collagen fibers in the annulus fibrosus?

A

they are parallel with one another in a single lamellus and angled

17
Q

What is the average angle of collagen fibers within the annulus fibrosus?

A

they average 50 to 60 degrees

18
Q

What is the principal type of collagen fiber within the cartilage end plate?

A

the type II collagen fiber

19
Q

What is the direction of collagen fibers within the cartilage end plate?

A

collagen fibers are aligned anterior to posterior

20
Q

What cell type is associated with the cartilage end plate?

A

chondrocytes

21
Q

What is the earliest indicator of intervertebral disc pathology or degeneration?

A

changes in the histology of the cartilage end plate

22
Q

What part of the intervertebral disc is the “growth plate”

A

the transition zone

23
Q

What part of the intervertebral disc is innervated?

A

the outer lamellae of the annulus fibrosus

24
Q

What are the types of receptor endings in the intervertebral disc?

A

nociceptors and proprioceptors

25
Q

What is the relationship between size of the intervertebral disc and receptor endings

A

the larger the disc, the greater the variety of receptor endings

26
Q

What is the proposed function of receptor ending density in the anterior part of the intervertebral disc?

A

they provide feedback during extension

27
Q

What forms the posterior neural plexus of the vertebral column?

A

the sinu-vertebral nerve (sinus vertebral nerve, recurrent meningeal nerve

28
Q

What forms the anterior neural plexus of the vertebral column?

A

fibers from the ventral primary ramus

29
Q

What is the name given to the white ramus communicans which becomes embedded within the annulus fibrosus of the intervertebral disc?

A

the paradiscal ramus communicans

30
Q

What innervates the outer lamellae of the annulus fibrosus at the lateral part of the intervertebral disc?

A

fibers from the ventral primary ramus, fibers from the white ramus communicans, fibers from the paradiscal ramus communicans, fibers from the gray ramus communicans

31
Q

What structure is formed following migration of sclerotomes to surround the notochord?

A

the perichordal blastema

32
Q

What is formed within the perichordal blastema between the sclerotomites?

A

the intrasclerotomal fissure or fissure of von Ebner

33
Q

What does the intrasclerotomal fissure or fissure of von Ebner become?

A

the perichordal disc

34
Q

What part of the intervertebral disc will the notochord form?

A

the nucleus pulposus

35
Q

What part of the intervertebral disc will the perichordal disc form?

A

the annulus fibrosus

36
Q

What is the earliest indicator of the position of the adult intervertebral disc?

A

the intrasclerotomal fissure or fissure of von Ebner

Spinal Anatomy Exam 3 (15 decks)

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