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1
Q

Describe the perineal body

A

Irregular fibromuscular mass in the midline between anal canal and perineal membrane

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2
Q

What is the irregular fibromuscular mass in midline between anal canal and perineal membrane?

A

perineal body

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3
Q

What does the perineal body contain, and what muscles is it an attachment point for?

A

Collagenous and elastic fibers

Bulbospongiosus m., external anal sphincter m., superficial transverse perineal m., deep transverse perineal m.

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4
Q

What is the attachment point for bulbospongiosus m., external anal sphincter m., superficial transverse perineal m., and deep transverse perineal m.?

A

Perineal body

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5
Q

What is sometimes classified as a central tendon of pelvic and urogenital diaphragms?

A

Perineal body

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6
Q

What are the origin and insertion sites for the superficial transverse perineal m.?

A

Origin: ischiopubic ramus and ischial tuberosity
Insertion: Perineal body

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7
Q

What originates on the ischiopubic ramus and ischial tuberosity and inserts on perineal body?

A

Superficial transverse perineal m.

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8
Q

What is the action of the superficial transverse perineal m?

A

Supports and fixes perineal body
Supports abdominopelvic viscera
Resists increases in intraabdominal pressure

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9
Q

What muscles supports/fixes perineal body, supports abdominopelvic viscera, and resists increases in intraabdominal pressure?

A

Superficial transverse perineal m.

Deep transverse perineal m (Male)

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10
Q

What innervates the superficial transverse perineal m?

A

Deep perineal nerve

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11
Q

What are the origin and insertion sites for ischiocavernosus m?

A

O: ischiopubic ramus and ischial tuberosity
I: Perineal membrane medial to Crura
Medial aspect of Crus of penis (male) or clitoris (female)

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12
Q

What muscle originates on ishciopubic ramus and ischial tuberosity and inserts on medial aspect of crus of penis/clitoris and perineal membrane medial to crura?

A

Ischiocavernosus m

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13
Q

What is the action of the ischiocavernosus m?

A

Maintain erection of penis or clitoris by compressing venous drainage, forcing blood from crura into body of penis or clitoris

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14
Q

What muscle maintains erection of penis/clitoris by compressing venous drainage, forcing blood from crura into body of penis/clitoris?

A

Ischiocavernosus m.

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15
Q

What innervates ischiocavernosus m?

A

Deep perineal n.

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16
Q

What are the origin and insertion sites for bulbospongiosus m.?

A

O: median raphe, ventral bulb of penis and perineal body (male), perineal body (female)
I: perineal membrane, fascia of bulb of penis and corpus spongiosum and corpora cavernossa of penis (male); fascia of bulb of vestibule of vagina, pubic arch and fascia of corpora cavernosa of clitoris (female)

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17
Q

What are the superficial perineal muscles?

A

Superficial transverse perineal m.
Ischiocavernosus m.
Bulbospongiosus m.

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18
Q

What muscle originates on the median raphe, ventral bulb of penis and perineal body (male), perineal body (female) and inserts on perineal membrane, fascia of bulb of penis and corpus spongiosum and corpora cavernosa of penis; fasia of bulb of vestibule of vagina, pubic arch and fascia of corpora cavernosa of clitoris?

A

Bulbospongiosus m

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19
Q

What is the action of the bulbospongiosus m.?

A

Support and fix perinal body
Compress bulb of penis, assist erection by compressing venous drainage, forcing blood form root of penis to body of penis, expels final drops of urine/semen from urethra
Compress vaginal orifice, assist in erection of bulbs of vestibule of vagina and compress greater vestibular gland

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20
Q

What muscle supports/fixes perineal body, compresses bulb of penis, assists erection by compressing venous drainage (forcing blood from root of penis to body of penis), expels final drops of urine/semen form urethra, compresses vaginal orifice, assists in erection of bulbs of vestibule of vagina, and compresses greater vestibular gland?

A

Bulbospongiosus m

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21
Q

What innervates the bulbospongiosus m?

A

Deep perineal n

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22
Q

Which superficial perineal muscle does not originate on ischiopubic ramus and ischial tuberosity?

A

Bulbospongiosus m

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23
Q

What does the deep perineal nerve innervate?

A

Superficial transverse perineal m
Ischiocavernosus m
Bulbospongiosus m
Deep transverse perineal m (male)

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24
Q

Describe the urogenital diaphragm

A

Muscle layer deep to and separated from superficial perineal muscles by perineal membrane.
However, may contain elements of superficial perineal muscles and perineal membrane

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25
Q

What muscle layer is deep to and separated from superficial perineal muscles by perineal membrane?

A

Urogenital diaphragm

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26
Q

What muscles make up urogenital diaphragm?

A

External urethral sphincter m

Deep transverse perineal m

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27
Q

External urethral sphincter m. And deep transverse perineal m. Make up what layer?

A

Urogenital diaphragm

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28
Q

What are the origin and insertion sites for external urethral sphincter m?

A

O/I: Surrounds urethra

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29
Q

What muscle surrounds the urethra?

A

External urethral sphincter m

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30
Q

What is the action of the external urethral sphincter m?

A

Constricts urethra, maintaining urinary continence

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31
Q

What muscles constricts the urethra, maintaining urinary continence?

A

External urethral sphincter m

Compressor urethrae m

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32
Q

What innervates the external urethral sphincter m?

A

Dorsal nerve of penis/clitoris

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33
Q

Where is the compressor urethrae m? O/I?

A

Extends laterally from external urethral sphincter
O: Ischiopubic ramus and ischial tuberosity
I: Median raphe and urethra via external urethral sphincter m.

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34
Q

What muscle originates from ischiopubic ramus and ischial tuberosity and inserts on median raphe and urethra via external urethral sphincter m?

A

Compressor urethrae m

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35
Q

What innervates the compressor urethrae m?

A

Dorsal nerve of penis/clitoris

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36
Q

What is the urethrovaginal sphincter m?

A

In female

Slips of external urethral sphincter m that also surround vagina

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37
Q

What muscle is slips of external urethral sphincter m that also surround vagina?

A

Urethrovaginal sphincter m

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38
Q

What are the origin and insertion sites of urethrovaginal sphincter m?

A

O: ischiopubic ramus and ischial tuberosity
I: external wall of vagina

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39
Q

What muscle originates on ischiopubic ramus and ischial tuberosity and inserts on external wall of vagina?

A

Urethrovaginal sphincter m

40
Q

What is the action of urethrovaginal sphincter m?

A

Compresses vagina

41
Q

What muscle compresses the vagina?

A

Urethrovaginal sphincter m

42
Q

What innervates urethrovaginal sphincter m?

A

Dorsal nerve of clitoris

43
Q

What does the dorsal nerve of the penis/clitoris innervate?

A

External urethral sphincter m
Compressor urethrae m
Urethrovaginal sphincter m

44
Q

What are the origin and insertion sites of the deep transverse perineal m (male)?

A

O: ischiopubic ramus and ischial tuberosity
I: Median raphe, perineal body, external anal sphincter

45
Q

What muscle originates on ischiopubic ramus and ischial tuberosity and inserts median raphe, perineal body, and external anal sphincter?

A

Deep transverse perineal muscle (Males)

46
Q

What is the action of the deep transverse perineal m?

A

Support and fix perineal body
Support abdominopelvic viscera
Resist increases in intraabdominal pressure

47
Q

What innervates the deep transverse perineal m?

A

Deep perineal nerve

48
Q

What is the deep transverse perineal muscle in the female?

A

Smooth muscular mass along posterior edge of perineal membrane

49
Q

What are the anal muscles?

A

External anal sphincter m

Internal anal sphincter m

50
Q

What are the origin and insertion sites for external anal sphincter m?

A

O: skin and fascia surrounding anus and anococcygeal body
I: perineal body

51
Q

What muscle inserts on skin and fascia surrounding anus and anococcygeal body and inserts on perineal body?

A

External anal sphincter m

52
Q

What is the action of the external anal sphincter m?

A

Constricts anal canal during peristalsis
Resists defecation
Supports/fixes perineal body

53
Q

What muscle constricts anal canal during peristalsis, resists defecation, and supports/fixes perineal body?

A

External anal sphincter m

54
Q

What innervates the external anal sphincter m?

A

Inferior rectal nerve

55
Q

What is the internal anal sphincter m?

A

Involuntary sphincter surrounding superior 2/3 of anal canal

Thickening of circular muscular layer

56
Q

What muscle is a thickening of circular muscular layer around superior 2/3 of anal canal?

A

Internal anal sphincter m

57
Q

What innervates the internal anal sphincter m?

A

Parasympathetic fivers from pelvic splanchnic nerves

58
Q

What muscles make up the pelvic diaphragm?

A

Levator ani ms (puborectalis m., pubococcygeus m., iliococcygeus m)
Coccygeus m

59
Q

The superficial fascia of the pelvic diaphragm also contains slips of muscles that insert onto urinary bladder. What are these?

A

Pubovesicalis m

Rectovesicalis m

60
Q

What are the levator ani ms?

A

Puborectalis m
Pubococcygeus m
Iliococcygeus m,

61
Q

Describe the puborectalis m

A

Thick, narrow, medial part of levator ani

62
Q

What muscle is the thick, narrow, medial most part of levator ani?

A

Puborectalis m.

63
Q

What are the origin and insertion sites for puborectalis m?

A

O: posterior aspect of pubic body
I: external wall of rectum and anal canal

64
Q

What muscle originates from posterior aspect of pubic body and inserts on external wall of rectum and anal canal?

A

Puborectalis m.

65
Q

What is the action of the puborectalis m?

A

Maintain anorectal flexure
Support pelvic viscera
Resist increases in intraabdominal pressure

66
Q

What muscle maintains anorectal flexure, supports pelvic viscera, and resists increase in intraabdominal pressure?

A

Puborectalis m.

67
Q

What innervates puborectalis m?

A

Nerve to levator ani m. (S4)
Inferior rectal N
Branches of coccygeal plexus

68
Q

Describe pubococcygeus m

A

Thin, wide, main part of levator ani

69
Q

What muscle is the thin, wide, main part of levator ani?

A

Pubococcygeus m

70
Q

What are the origin and insertion sites for pubococcygeus m?

A

O: posterior aspect of of pubic body and anterior most part of tendinous arch of obturator fascia
I: Coccyx, anococcygeal body, contralateral pubococcygeus m

71
Q

What muscle originates on posterior aspect of pubic body and anterior most part of tendinous arch of obturator fascia and inserts on coccyx, anococcygeal body, and contralateral pubococcygeus m?

A

Pubococcygeus m

72
Q

What is the action of the pubococcygeus m?

A

Supports pelvic viscera

Resists increases in intraabdominal pressure

73
Q

What muscles support pelvic viscera and resist increases in intraabdominal pressure?

A

Pubococcygeus m.

Iliococcygeus m

74
Q

What innervates pubococcygeus m?

A

Nerve to levator ani (S4)
Inferior rectal n
Branches of coccygeal plexus

75
Q

The pubococcygeus m. Prodcues several small slips of muscle that extend to nearby structures, all sharing similar action and innervation as pubococcygeus m. What are these muscles?

A 
Levator prostate m (male)
Pubovaginalis m (female)
Puboperinealis m (both)
Puboanalis m (both)
76
Q

Describe iliococcygeus m

A

Posterior, thin, poorly developed part of levator ani

77
Q

What muscle is posterior, thin, poorly developed part of levator ani?

A

Iliococcygeus m

78
Q

What are the origin and insertion sites for iliococcygeus m?

A

O: Posterior part of tendinous arch of obturator fascia and ischial spine
I: coccyx and anococcygeal body

79
Q

What muscle originates from posterior part of tendinous arch of obturator fascia and ischial spine and inserts on coccyx and anococcygeal body?

A

Iliococcygeus m

80
Q

What is the action of the iliococcygeus m?

A

Supports pelvic viscera

Resists increases in intraabdominal pressure

81
Q

What innervates iliococcygeus m?

A

Nerve to levator ani m (S4)
Inferior rectal n
Branches of coccygeal plexus

82
Q

What are the origin and insertion sites for coccygeus m?

A

O: ischial spine
I: inferior sacrum and coccyx

83
Q

What muscle originates on ischial spine and inserts on inferior sacrum and coccyx?

A

Coccygeus m

84
Q

What is the action of coccygeus m?

A

Support pelvic viscera

Flexes coccyx

85
Q

What muscle supports pelvic viscera and flexes coccyx?

A

Coccygeus m

86
Q

/What innervates coccygeus m?

A

Nerve to coccygeus (S4,5)

Branches of coccygeal plexus

87
Q

What are the lateral pelvic wall muscles?

A

Obturator internus m

Piriformis m

88
Q

What are the origin and insertion sites for obturator internus m?

A

O: Pelvic surfaces of ilium and ischium and obturator membrane
I: Greater trochanter of femur

89
Q

What muscles originates on pelvic surfaces of ilium, ischium, and obturator membrane and inserts on greater trochanter of femur?

A

Obturator internus m

90
Q

What is the action of the obturator internus m?

A

Rotate thigh laterally

Stabilize femoral head in acetabulum

91
Q

What muscle rotates thigh laterally and stabilizes the femoral head in acetabulum?

A

Obturator internus m

92
Q

What nerve innervates obturator internus m?

A

Nerve to obturator internus m

93
Q

What are the origin and insertion sites for piriformis m?

A

O: Pelvic surface sacral segments S2-S4, greater sciatic notch, and sacrotuberour ligament
I: greater trochanter of femur

94
Q

What muscle originates on pelvic surface sacral segments S2-S4, greater sciatic notch, and sacrotuberous ligament and inserts on greater trochanter of femur?

A

Piriformis m

95
Q

What are the actions of the piriformis m?

A

Rotate thigh laterally
Abduct thigh
Stabilize femoral head in acetabulum

96
Q

what muscle rotates thigh laterally, abducts thigh, and stabilizes femoral head in acetabulum?

A

Piriformis m

97
Q

What innervates the piriformis m?

A

Nerve to piriformis m

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