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Andro Flashcards

1
Q

What is a hollow pouch with strong muscular distensible walls that acts as a temporary reservoir for urine and connects to ureters and urethra?

A

Urinary bladder

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2
Q

What forms the trigone?

A

Two ureteric orifices and internal urethral orifice

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3
Q

What do the two ureteric orifices and internal urethral orifice form?

A

Trigone

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4
Q

What are the ureteric orifices?

A

Openings for ureters into urinary bladder

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5
Q

What are the openings for the ureters into the urinary bladder?

A

Ureteric orifices

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6
Q

What is the internal urethral orifice?

A

Opening for the urethra in neck of urinary bladder

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7
Q

What is the opening for the urethra in the neck of the urinary bladder?

A

Internal urethral orifice

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8
Q

What is the interureteric fold?

A

Superior limit of trigone

Joins the two ureteric openings

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9
Q

What is the superior limit of the trigone that joins the two ureteric openings?

A

Interureteric fold

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10
Q

What is the uvula of the urinary bladder?

A

Swelling in the posterior wall of urinary bladder at internal urethral orifice

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11
Q

What is the swelling in the posterior wall of urinary bladder at internal urethral orifice?

A

Uvula of urinary bladder

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12
Q

What is the fundus of the urinary bladder?

A

Posterior, part farthest away from internal urethral orifice

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13
Q

What is the posterior part of the urinary bladder that is farthest away from internal urethral orifice?

A

Fundus

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14
Q

Where is the involuntary internal sphincter of the urinary bladder?

A

In the walls of the neck of urinary bladder

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15
Q

What is the detrusor m?

A

Primary component of wall of urinary bladder

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16
Q

What is the primary component of the wall of the urinary bladder?

A

Detrusor m

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17
Q

What is vesical fascia?

A

Loose connective tissue surrounding the detrusor m

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18
Q

What is the loose connective tissue surrounding the detrusor m?

A

Vesical fascia

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19
Q

What is the male urethra?

A

Conveyance of urine from urinary bladder to external urethral orifice at glans penis

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20
Q

What conveys urine from urinary bladder to external urethral orifice at glans penis?

A

Male urethra

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21
Q

Where is the preprostatic urethra?

A

In the neck of the urinary bladder

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22
Q

What part of the urethra is in the neck of the urinary bladder?

A

Preprostatic urethra

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23
Q

Where is the prostatic urethra, and what does it communicate with?

A

In the prostate gland

Communicates with prostatic utricle and ejaculatory duct

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24
Q

What is in the prostate gland and communicates with the prostatic utricle and ejaculatory duct?

A

Prostatic urethra

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25
Q

What is the urethral crest?

A

Median ridge that swells in the center of the prostate gland as the seminal colliculus
Surrounded on either side by prostatic sinus

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26
Q

What is the median ridge that swells in the center of the prostate gland as the seminal colliculus and is surrounded on either side by prostatic sinus?

A

Urethral crest

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27
Q

What is the prostatic sinus?

A

Space on either side of urethral crest and seminal colliculus
Accepts secretions from prostatic ductules

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28
Q

What is the space on either side of the urethral crest and seminal colliculus that accepts secretions from the prostatic ductules?

A

Prostatic sinus

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29
Q

What is the seminal colliculus?

A

Rounded mound on urethral crest

Possesses three slit-like openings

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30
Q

What is the rounded mound on the urethral crest that possesses three slit-like openings?

A

Seminal colliculus

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31
Q

What is the prostatic utricle?

A

Small blind-ended pouch in the seminal colliculus

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32
Q

What is the small blind-ended pouch in the seminal colliculus?

A

Prostatic utricle

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33
Q

The prostatic utricle is the embryological remnant of what?

A

Uterovaginal canal

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34
Q

What is the embryological remnant of the uterovaginal canal?

A

Prostatic utricle

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35
Q

The prostatic sinus has openings for ___, while the seminal colliculus has openings for ___

A

Prostatic ductules

Ejaculatory ducts

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36
Q

Where is the membranous urethra?

A

Through external urethral sphincter

Short

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37
Q

What part of the urethra goes through the external urethral sphincter?

A

Membranous urethra

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38
Q

Where is the spongy urethra?

A

Inside Corpus spongiosum

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39
Q

What part of the urethra does the corpus spongiosum contain?

A

Spongy urethra

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40
Q

What is the intrabulbar fossa?

A

Internal expansion of spongy urethra in bulb of penis

Receives secretions from the bulbourethral glands

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41
Q

What is the internal expansion of the spongy urethra in the bulb of penis that receives secretions from bulbourethral glands?

A

Intrabulbar fossa

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42
Q

What is the navicular fossa?

A

Internal expansion of spongy urethra in glans penis

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43
Q

What is the internal expansion of spongy urethra in glans penis?

A

Navicular fossa

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44
Q

What are the urethral glands?

A

Mucus-secreting glands that empty directly into spongy urethra

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45
Q

What are the mucus-secreting glands that empty directly into the spongy urethra?

A

Urethral glands

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46
Q

Describe the female urethra

A

Conveyance of urine from urinary bladder to external urethral orifice in vestibule of vagina

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47
Q

What conveys urine from urinary bladder to external urethral orifice in vestibule of vagina?

A

Female urethra

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48
Q

Describe the paraurethral glands

A

Homologous to prostate gland

Secretions are conveyed via a common duct to area near external urethral orifice

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49
Q

What female glands are homologous to the male prostate gland and has secretions that are conveyed via a common duct to area near external urethral orifice?

A

Paraurethral glands

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50
Q

What is the penile raphe?

A

Midline skin fold between glans penis and scrotum

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51
Q

What is the midline skin fold between glans penis and scrotum?

A

Penile raphe

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52
Q

What is the scrotal raphe?

A

Midline skin fold between penile raphe and perineal raphe

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53
Q

What is the midline skin fold between penile raphe and perineal raphe?

A

Scrotal raphe

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54
Q

What is the perineal raphe?

A

Midline skin fold between scrotal raphe and anus

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55
Q

What is the midline skin fold between scrotal raphe and anus?

A

Perineal raphe

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56
Q

What does the spermatic cord do?

A

Suspends testis in scrotum
Contains ductus deferens, testicular a., artery of ductus deferens, cremasteric a., pampiniform plexus (of veins), sympathetic nerve fibers, and genital branch of genitofemoral n.

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57
Q

What suspends the testis in the scrotum and contains ductus deferenes, testicular a., a. Of ductus deferens, cremasteric a., pampiniform plexus (of veins), sympathetic nerve fibers, and genital branch of genitofemoral n.?

A

Spermatic cord

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58
Q

Describe the urinary bladder

A

Hollow pouch with strong muscular distensible walls
Temporary reservoir for urine
Connects to ureters and urethra

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59
Q

What is the ductus deferens?

A

Muscular tube that conveys sperm

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60
Q

What is the muscular tube that conveys sperm?

A

Ductus deferens

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61
Q

what is the ductus deferens a continuation of?

A

Duct of epididymus

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62
Q

The duct of epididymis continues as what?

A

Ductus deferens

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63
Q

Describe the path of the ductus deferens

A

Begins at the epididymus, travels through inguinal canal as part of spermatic cord, enters pelvis, swells to ampulla of ductus deferens, and joins with ducts of seminal vesicles, posterior to urinary bladder to form ejaculatory ducts

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64
Q

What is the ampulla of ductus deferens?

A

Part of duct closest to ejaculatory ducts

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65
Q

What part of ductus deferens is closest to ejaculatory ducts?

A

Ampulla

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66
Q

What is deferentectomy/vasectomy?

A

Ligation and/or excision of ductus deferens through incision made in superior scrotum, thereby rendering resultant ejaculant devoid of spermatozoa

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67
Q

The testicular artery is from ___ and supplies the ___ and ____

A

Aorta
Testis
Epididymis

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68
Q

What supplies the testis and epididymis?

A

Testicular artery

69
Q

What does the pampiniform plexus of veins do?

A

Drains into testicular vein

70
Q

What drains into the testicular vein?

A

Pampiniform plexus of veins

71
Q

Where do the lymphatics of the spermatic cord drain into?

A

Lumbar lymph nodes

72
Q

Where does the artery of the ductus deferens come from, and what does it supply?

A

Inferior vesical artery

Ductus deferens

73
Q

Where does the cremasteric artery come from, and what does it supply?

A

Inferior epigastric artery

Cremasteric m.

74
Q

What does the ilioinguinal nerve produce?

A

Anterior scrotal nerve

75
Q

What produces the anterior scrotal nerve?

A

Ilioinguinal nerve

76
Q

Describe layers of the scrotum

A

Skin
Dartos fascia
Dartos muscle

77
Q

Describe the skin of the scrotum

A

Rugose, pigmented

78
Q

Describe the dartos fascia

A

Associated with layer of smooth muscle that inserts onto skin, giving the scrotum a wrinkled appearance

79
Q

What is Dartos fascia derived from?

A

Membranous superficial fascia

80
Q

Describe Dartos muscle

A

Smooth muscle fibers associated with Dartos fascia, inserting onto skin

81
Q

Describe the layers of spermatic cord (superficial to deep)

A

External spermatic fascia
Cremasteric fascia
Internal spermatic fascia

82
Q

What is external spermatic fascia derived from?

A

External oblique muscle aponeurosis

83
Q

What is cremasteric fascia derived from?

A

Internal oblique muscle aponeurosis

84
Q

What are cremaster m?

A

Thin slips of muscle of cremasteric fascia

85
Q

What is cremaster muscle derived from?

A

Internal oblique muscle

86
Q

What does cremaster muscle do?

A

Reflexively draws testis superiorly to produce optimal temperature for spermatogenesis

87
Q

What muscle reflexively draws testis superiorly to produce optimal temperature for spermatogenesis?

A

Cremaster m

88
Q

What is cremaster muscle innervated by?

A

Genital branch of genitofemoral n

89
Q

What is internal spermatic fascia derived from?

A

Transversalis fascia

90
Q

Describe the layers of the testis

A 
Tunica vaginalis (parietal and visceral)
Tunica albuginea
91
Q

What is tunic vaginalis?

A

Double layered, closed peritoneal sac covering testis and epididymis

92
Q

What is the double layered, closed peritoneal sac covering the testis and epididymis?

A

Tunica vaginalis

93
Q

Describe parietal tunica vaginalis

A

Adherent to internal spermatic fascia

Derived from parietal peritoneum

94
Q

What is adherent to internal spermatic fascia and is derived fomr parietal peritoneum?

A

Parietal tunica vaginalis

95
Q

Describe visceral tunica vaginalis

A

Adherent to tunica albuginea

Derived form visceral peritoneum

96
Q

What is adherent to tunica albuginea and is derived from visceral peritoneum?

A

Visceral tunica vaginalis

97
Q

What is the sinus of the epididymis?

A

Small recessed slit in visceral tunica vaginalis between epididymis and testis

98
Q

What is the small recessed slit in the visceral tunica vaginalis between the epididymis and testis?

A

Sinus of the epididymis

99
Q

Describe the tunica albuginea

A

Tough, fibrous coat adherent to testis

100
Q

What is the tough, fibrous coat adherent to testis?

A

Tunica albuginea

101
Q

Describe the testis

A

Ovoid organ suspended from spermatic cord in scrotum

Produces spermatozoa

102
Q

What is the ovoid organ suspended from spermatic cord in scrotum that produces spermatozoa?

A

Testis

103
Q

What are the seminiferous tubules?

A

Site of spermatozoa formation

104
Q

What is the site for spermatozoa formation?

A

Seminiferous tubules

105
Q

What does the straight tubule do?

A

Transfers spermatozoa to rete testis

106
Q

What transfers spermatozoa to rete testis?

A

Straight tubule

107
Q

What is rete testis?

A

Sinusoidal spaces where spermatozoa enter efferent ductules of epididymis

108
Q

What are the sinusoidal spaces where spermatozoa enter efferent ductules of epididymis?

A

Rete testis

109
Q

What does the septum of the testis separate?

A

Lobular formations of seminiferous and straight tubules

110
Q

Describe the epididymis

A

Rests on posterior testis
Tightly packed convoluted duct of epididymis that tapers off to a single deferent duct
Stores spermatozoa

111
Q

What rests on the posterior testis and stores spermatozoa?

A

Epididymis

112
Q

Describe the head of the epididymis

A

Most superior and largest region

Formed by tightly coiled ends of several efferent ductules

113
Q

What part of the epididymis is formed by tightly coiled ends of several efferent ductules?

A

Head

114
Q

Describe the body of the epididymis

A

Longest portion
Between head and tail
Convoluted duct of epididymis

115
Q

Which part of the epididymis is the convoluted duct?

A

Body

116
Q

Describe the tail of the epididymis

A

Tapering region between body and ductus deferens

117
Q

What part of the epididymis is the tapering region?

A

Tail

118
Q

What do the efferent ductules do?

A

Transfer spermatozoa from rete testis to head and body of epididymis

119
Q

What transfers spermatozoa from rete testis to head and body of epididymis?

A

Efferent ductules

120
Q

Describe the deep fascia of the penis

A

Surrounds erectile tissue and deep vasculature

Made of deep perineal fascia

121
Q

What surrounds the erectile tissue and deep vasculature and is made of deep perineal fascia?

A

Deep fascia of penis

122
Q

Describe the regional organization of the penis

A

Root
Body
Glans penis

123
Q

Describe the root of the penis

A

Attached

Includes bulb and crura of penis, bulbospongiosus m, ischiocavernosus m

124
Q

What region of the penis is attached and includes the bulb and crura of penis, bulbospongiosus m, and inschiocavernosus m?

A

Root of penis

125
Q

Describe the body of the penis

A

Free

Includes connective tissue, paired corpora cavernosa, corpus spongiosum, and spongy urethra

126
Q

What region of the penis is free and includes connective tissue, paired corpora cavernosa, corpus spongiosum, and spongy urethra?

A

Body of penis

127
Q

Describe glans penis

A

Distal conical expansion

Continuous with corpus spongiosum proximally

128
Q

What region of the penis is the distal conical expansion and is continuous with corpus spongiosum proximally?

A

Glans penis

129
Q

Describe the ventral, unpaired cylinder of penile erectile tissue from proximal to distal

A

Bulb of penis
Corpus spongiosum
Glans penis

130
Q

Describe the bulb of penis

A

Erectile tissue at root of penis

Continuous with corpus spongiosum

131
Q

What is the erectile tissue at the root of the penis that is continuous with the corpus spongiosum?

A

Bulb of penis

132
Q

Describe corpus spongiosum

A

Ventrally positioned erectile tissue

Transmits spongy urethra

133
Q

What is ventrally positioned erectile tissue that transmits spongy urethra?

A

Corpus spongiosum

134
Q

Describe corona of glans penis

A

Margin of glans penis that projects proximally over corpora cavernosa

135
Q

What is the margin of the glans penis that projects proximally over corpora cavernosa?

A

Corona of glans penis

136
Q

What is the neck of glans penis?

A

Separation of body and glans penis

137
Q

What is the separation between body and glans penis?

A

Neck of glans penis

138
Q

Describe the paired, dorsal cylinders of penile erectile tissue, from proximal to distal

A

Crura of penis

Corpora cavernosa

139
Q

What are crura of penis?

A

Erectile tissue associated proximally with corresponding inferior pubic ramus
Continuous with corpora cavernosa

140
Q

What are the erectile tissue associated proximally with corresponding inferior pubic ramus and are continuous with the two corpora cavernosa?

A

Crura of penis

141
Q

Describe corpora cavernosa

A

Paired erectile tissue

Houses paired deep arteries of penis

142
Q

What are the paired erectile tissue that houses the paired deep arteries of the penis?

A

Corpora cavernosa

143
Q

What is the external urethra orifice?

A

Exit point of urethra at tip of glans penis

144
Q

What is the exit point of the urethra at tip of glans penis?

A

External urethral orifice

145
Q

What is the prepuce?

A

Skin and fascia of penis that covers the glans penis

146
Q

What is the skin and fascia of penis that covers glans penis?

A

Prepuce

147
Q

What is the frenulum?

A

Ventrally located median fold on prepuce

148
Q

What is the ventrally located median fold of the prepuce?

A

Frenulum

149
Q

Describe the prostate gland

A

Unpaired, largest accessory gland of male reproductive system
Produces prostatic fluid
Has anterior lobe, posterior lob, two lateral lobes, and middle lobe

150
Q

Prostatic fluid makes up __% of seminal fluid

A

20

151
Q

What makes up 20% of seminal fluid?

A

Prostatic fluid

152
Q

What do the prostatic ducts do?

A

Convey prostatic fluid from parenchyma of gland to prostatic sinus

153
Q

What conveys prostatic fluid from parenchyma of gland to prostatic sinus?

A

Prostatic ducts

154
Q

Describe enlargement of prostate gland

A

Occurs with increasing age and can impinge on prostatic urethra, impeding urination

155
Q

What is the unpaired, largest accessory gland of male reproduction system?

A

Prostate gland

156
Q

Describe the seminal vesicles

A

Paired, elongated structures between urinary bladder and rectum

157
Q

What are paired, elongated structures between urinary bladder and rectum?

A

Seminal vesicles

158
Q

What do seminal vesicles secrete?

A

Alkaline fluid, which becomes part of ejaculatory semen

159
Q

What secretes alkaline fluid that becomes part of ejaculatory semen?

A

Seminal vesicles

160
Q

What does the duct of seminal vesicle do?

A

Conveys secretions of seminal vesicle to ejaculatory duct

161
Q

What conveys secretions of seminal vesicle to ejaculatory duct?

A

Duct of seminal vesicle

162
Q

Describe the pathway of the ejaculatory ducts

A

Begin at union of ampulla of ductus deferens and ducts of seminal vesicle
Near the neck of urinary bladder
Converge immediately proximal to prostatic urethra
Empty into prostatic urethra through paired opening on seminal colliculus on either side of prostatic utricle

163
Q

What are the bulbourethral glands

A

Pea-sized glands positioned posterolateral to membranous urethra

164
Q

What are pea-sized glands positioned posterolateral to membranous urethra?

A

Bulbourethral glands

165
Q

What do bulbourethral glands produce?

A

Mucus-like substance during sexual arousal

166
Q

What produces mucus-like substance during sexual arousal?

A

Bulbourethral glands

167
Q

What does the duct of bulbourethral glands do?

A

Conveys bulbourethral secretions to intrabulbar fossa of spongy urethra

168
Q

What conveys bulbourethral secretions to intrabulbar fossa of spongy urethra?

A

Duct of bulbourethral gland

Repro (17 decks)

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