Myeloma

Question 1

what is a paraprotein?

Answer 1

monoclonal immunoglobulin present in blood or urine

Question 2

how would you identify paraprotein?

Answer 2

serum protein electrophoresis

Question 3

tests? (3)

Answer 3

total immunoglobulin levels
immunofixation
light chains

Question 4

what does IgM paraprotein mean?

Answer 4

lymphoma

Question 5

what does IgG or IgA paraprotein mean?

Answer 5

myeloma

Question 6

what is myeloma?

Answer 6

neoplastic disorder of plasma cells that results in excessive production of a single type of immunoglobulin

Question 7

what is CRAB?

Answer 7

hypercalcaemia
renal failure
anaemia
bone disease

Question 8

describe the bone disease in myeloma?

Answer 8

lytic bone lesions
pathological fractures
cord compression

Question 9

what common symptom in myeloma?

Answer 9

infection

Question 10

the 4 effects of paraprotein?

Answer 10

renal failure
hyperviscosity
hypogammaglobulinaemia
amyloidosis

Question 11

what does hyperviscosity cause?

Answer 11

bleeding

Question 12

what is deposited in amyloidosis?

Answer 12

fibrillar protein

Question 13

what is the term when there is nothing wrong with paraproteins?

Answer 13

Monoclonal Gammopathy of Uncertain Significance (MGUS)

Question 14

what is key finding on investigation to diagnose myeloma?

Answer 14

> 10% plasma cells in the bone marrow population

Question 15

myeloma treatment? (6)

Answer 15

chemotherapy
bisphosphonates
radiotherapy
steroids
surgery
stem cell transplant