Myeloma Flashcards
what is an antibody
an immunoglobulin produced by B cells, mostly plasma cells
primary role is to recognise and bind to pathogens
what is the structure of an antibody
y shaped
2 heavy chains
2 light chains
a variable region
what are the different types of heavy chains
gamma-most prevelatn alpha mu delta epsilon
what are the different types of light chains
kappa and lambda, should be the same amount
what are serum immunoglobulin tests
measures ig sublasses by heavy chain
what is electrophersis
test for myeloma
separated protein based on size and charge
forms pattern of bands of different widths
identifies paraprotein
what is immunofixation
identifies what type of paraprotein it is
what are serum light chain levels
assess inmbalance- should be around about the same
what is a paraprotein
monoclonal immunoglobulin present in the blood or urine
they all look the same
what do IgM paraproteins produce
lymphomas
bone marrow failure
b symptoms
what do IgG and IgA paraproteins make
myeloma-mature plasma cells
what is the pathology of myeloma
neoplastic disorder of plasma cells resulting in excess production of a single type of immunoglobulin
what are the symptoms of myeloma
CRAB hypercalcameia renal failure aenmia bone disease
what is the diagnosis of myeloma
paraproteins MGUS finding excess plasma in bone marrow >10% bone marrow biopsy imaging
what is the treatment for meyolma
proteasome inhibitors bioposhonate therapy radiotherapy steroids surgery-pinning of bones
what are the effects of paraprotein
renal failure
hyperviscosity
hypogammaglobinemia
amyloidosis
what is amyloidosis
group of disorders characterised by extracellular deposits of protein in abnormal fibrillationr forum
