Haematological Malignancy Flashcards
what types of acute leukaemia are thre
acute lymphoblastic
acute myeloid
what types of chronic leurkaemiaas
chronic myeloid
chronic lymphocytic
what are the malignant lymphomas
non-hodgkin lymphoma
hodgkin lymphoma
what is the pathogenies of a haematological maliganancy
mutation in a haemopoetic cell which changes behaviour multi-step process survival advantage to mutated cell produces a malignant clone clone dominates tissue
what types of myeloid malignancies are ther
red cells
platelets
granulocytes
monocytes
what type of lymphoid malignancies are there
b cell
T cell
explain AML
genetic hit in stem cell compartment
if leads to excess proliferation but less differeation-useless cells called blasts
this replaces the bone marrow leading to bone marrow failure
if this occurs in myeloid- then cancer
what is a myeloproliferative disorder
where excess proliferation and differentiation-lots of mature cells
explain acute lymoblastic leukaemia
mutation leading to proliferation block on differentiation on lymphoid side
explain lymphoma
mutation in mature lymphoid cell
commoly B cell lymphoma
what is multiple myeloma
tumours of plasma cells-produce lots of protein
what is leukaemia
presents in the blood and bone marrow
what is lymphoma
presents in extra medullary tissue
what are acute leukaemia
proliferate but don’t differentiate
bone marrow failure
rapid decline
treated with chemo
what are chronic leukaemia
proliferate and differentiate
proliferation without bone marrow failure
over years
treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors
explain structure of a lymph node
nodules with B cell follicles iwht germinal centre
where immature b lymphocytes will be programmed
T cells in paracortex
plasma in medulla
what happens in b cel maturation
rearranged
has to divide many times to mature and mutates
emerges as memory B cell or plasma cell
can go wrong leading to lymphoma
what is loaclaied and painful lymphadenopathy
bacterial infection in site
what is localised and painless
rare infection
metastatic carcinoma
lymphoma
what is generalised and tender
viral infections
what is generalised and painless
lymphoma
leukaemia
drugs
what does lymphoma present as
nodal disease
extra nodal disease
systemic symptoms-fever, drenching sweats
