Introduction to Haematology Flashcards
what is haematology
investigation of blood and bone marrow
management of disorders of blood and bone marrow
what do red cells transport
02
co2
what does plasma transport
waste
nutrients
messages
what’s in plasma
clotting factors
albumin
antibodies
what’s in the Buffy coat
platelets
white cells
how are leaks prevented
platelets and clotting factors
how is blocking prevented
anticoagulants and fibrinolytcis
what causes high levels of haemoglobin
increased rate of production
decreased rate of loss
what causes low levels of haemoglobin
decreased rate of production
increased rate of loss
what is haematopoeisis
the making of cells from stem cells
what are stem cells
totipotent
home to marrow niche
flux regulated by hormones and growht factors
where is the bone marrow
bones in children
axial in elderly
has storma and sinusoids but mostly made of fat
what is erythroid differentiation
quite close to stem cells
erythroblast-reticylote-erythrocyte
what is erythropoietin
made in the kidney in response to hypoxia so more red blood cels are made
what is microcytic
small
what is macrocytic
big
what is the function of platelets
haemostats
regulated by thromopoetin which is produced in the liver
life span is 7 days
what is thrombocytosis
too many, blood clots
what is thrombocytopenia
not enough, extensive bleeding
what is the formation of a neutrophil
blast promyelocyte myelocyte metamyelocyte neutrophil
what is neutorphilia
production regulated by granulatocyte colon stimulating factor
inflammation
infection
what is neutropenia
not enough
decreased production-drugs
increased consumption-sepsis
what are monocytes
to ingets and destroy pathogens
become macrophages and dendritic cells
what are lymphocytes
adaptive immune system not innate
have immunologicala memeory
lymphocytosis
lympopenia
