Mycotoxins Flashcards
__________ are metabolites produced by a variety of fungi
mycotoxins
T/F most fungi are not associated with infectious disease, and few produce toxins
True-ish over 100 spoecies produce mycotoxins
__________, __________ and __________ are the three genra most often involved in mycotoxin production
Aspergillus, Penicillium, Fusarium
What are the correct set of conditions for an organism to produce mycotoxin?
substrate material- CHO
10-18% moisture, temperature 12-47C and O2
Mycotoxin most commonly a problem in __________ and also observed in __________
cereal grains, peanuts
__________ is produced by Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus
Aflatoxin
__________ is a hepatotoxic, carcinogenic, causes hemorrhages, slo growth and poor feed conversion
Aflatoxin
Where is aflatoxin and issue?
warm humid regions of Southeasten US, irrigated regions of cotton pdx in South west
T/F aflatoxin will accumulate in meat/milk
true
__________ is the most common mycotoxin in the North Central corn belt and Southeastern Canada
Zearalenone
__________ __________ produces Zearlenone
Fusarium roseum
__________ has estrogenic effects, causes infertility, anestrus in sows
Zearalenone
__________ is primarily nephrotoxic and in acute exposure can lead to kidney failure and death, hepatotoxic, can cause enteritits, immune suppression , emaciation and dehydration
Ochratoxin
__________ __________ and __________ __________ produces ochratoxin
Aspergillus ochraceus and Penicillium viridicatum
__________ infests small garins such as barley, rye and wheat primarily in the norther great plains
Claviceps purpurea
__________ is the toxin produced by C. purpurea
Ergot
What is the clinical disease caused by Ergot toxin?
gangrene of the extremities, convulsions, ataxia, tremors, agalactia in sows
__________ __________ us a endophyte fungus that produces ergot alkaloid, lives within the fescue plant
Neophytidium coenophialum
T/F Neophytidium coenophialum is transmitted via the seed of the fescue plant
true
What three clinical problems are associated with the ergot alkaloid?
Fescue foot
Summer slump
Fat necrosis in horses
__________ in horses has been associated with late term abortion, placental thickening, RPs leading to infection and lamnitis, prolonged gestation, difficulty rebreedingand decreased udder development
ergot alkaloids
__________ is a familyof toxins produced by F. roseum, F. tricinctum and other members of that genus
Tricothecenes
__________ is the most roublesome tricothecenes toxin, also known as __________
DON; klnown as vomitoxin
T/F Don is more toxic and less common that T-2 toxin
False, reverse
__________ is the syndrome associated with tricothcenes toxin
feed refusal syndrome
WHere are the 2 places we test for mycotoxins?
in the feed
in the tissues
T/F most mycoxins if present will not normally cuase acute disease?
True, more likely to cause chronic, vague clinical signs related to poor performance
