2009 Exam Flashcards
________________________________ is an organism that produces very little surface colony and appears as a zone of complete hemolysis that can be enhanced by removing a plug of agar under the colony
Brachyspira hyodysenteriae
________________________________ is the only rickettsial organism that multiplies in the intestinal epithelium of mammals
Neorickettsia risticii
________________________________ is the only dermatophyte that produces a metabolic byproduct that fluoresces when exposed to UV light
Microsporum canis
________________________________ is an obligate intramammary pathogen of cattle.
Streptococcus agalactiae
_____________________ is a term that denotes the ability of an organism to move through a viscous substrate such as mucus.
Viscotaxis
____________________ is the basic taxonomic unit used to identify the members of the genus Leptospira.
Serovariety
__________________________ is the site of primary multiplication of leptospires (first week of infection).
liver
_______________________ is the major clinical manifestation of leptospirosis in cattle
Abortion
___________ is the primary cell type infected by members of the genus Rickettsia.
Vascular endothelium
__________________ are produced by Fusarium roseum and F. tricinctum and primarily cause a Afeed-refusal syndrome
Tricothecenes
_____________________ is a heterotroph that can live on dead or decaying organic matter
Saprophyte
_______________________ is the Fc-receptor protein of Staphylococcus aureus
Protein A
______________________ is the name of a protein antigen that is of major importance in development of resistance to Group A streptococci
M-Protein
______________________ and __________________________ are the two Staphylococcus aureus enzymes that are most closely correlated with pathogenicity
Coagulase and DNase
_________________________________ is an organism that is harbored in the intestinal tracts of animals and causes mesenteric lymphadenitis and severe enterocolitis in humans that can sometimes mimic appendicitis.
Yersinia enterocolitica
______________________ is a bacterial genus that may be able to fuse with host cell membranes and thus exchange antigens with those membranes
Mycoplasma
________________________________ is the organism that commonly invades burn wounds and can ultimately cause the death of the patient.
Mycoplasma
_________________________________ is the organism that commonly invades burn wounds and can ultimately cause the death of the patient
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
_________________________________ is the cause of glanders in solipeds.
Burkholderia mallei
_________________________________ is the cause of melioidosis
Burkholderia pseudomallei
_________________________________ is the cause of columnaris disease of catfish.
Flavobacterium columnare
_________________________________ is the cause of coldwater disease of adult freshwater salmon and trout and rainbow trout fry syndrome
Flavobacterium psychrophilum
_____________________ is the name of the disease in water buffalo, bison and cattle that is caused by Pasteurella multocida types B and E
Hemorrhagic septicemia
_________________________________ has been associated with severe respiratory disease in adult cattle especially in the western U.S., respiratory disease in goats and septicemia in lambs
Bibersteinia trehalosi
_________________________________ is the cause of granulomatous, tumor-like lesions in the soft tissues of the head and neck of cattle
Actinobacillus lignieresii
_________________________________ is an organism that causes fatal, acute septicemia in 1- to 8-week-old pigs and is also recognized as a cause of arthritis, pneumonia and subcutaneous abscesses.
Actinobacillus suis
_________________________________ is a respiratory tract pathogen of cattle that produces LOS instead of LPS, has one or more Fc-receptor proteins and releases RNA components.
Histophilus somni
_________________________________ is the cause of rhinotracheitis or coryza in turkey poults.
Bordetella avium
___________________ is a clostridial toxin that blocks the release of glycine and gamma-aminobutyric acid at the level of the spinal cord and brainstem resulting in spastic paralysis.
Tetanospasmin
_________________________________ is the cause of blackleg in ruminants.
Clostridium chauvoei
_________________________________ is the cause of ulcerative colitis (quail disease) in birds
Clostridium colinum
_________________________________ is the cause of proliferative enteritis in pigs, foals, hamsters and possibly other animal species
Lawsonia intracellularis
What allows Clostridium botulinum to survive the processing of foods?
It forms spores which are resistant to heat
Why do we need to treat botulism with polyvalent antitoxin?
Because there are a number of serologically distinct toxins and the clinical signs are roughly the same
List the four major mycotoxins
Aflatoxin
ochratoxin
zearalenone
Ergot alkaloids
What is the method of action of Cholera Toxin?
Increases cAMP inside of target cells
What is the method of action of Edema Factor? (B.anthracis)
Increases cAMP inside of target cells
What is the method of action of Lekotoxin (M. hemolytica)
Forms pores in target cell membranes
What is the method of action of TSST1 (Staph aureus)
Acts as a superantigen
What is the method of action of Listeriolysin-O
Destabilizes and lyses the phagosomal membrane
What is the method of action of ApX1
Forms pores in target cell membranes
What is the method of action of LT toxin (E.coli)
Increases cAMP inside of target cells
What is the method of action of Edema Disease (E.coli)
Inhibits protein synthesis by NAD-dependent ADP-ribosylation of elongation factor 2.
What is the method of action of Streptolysin O
Destabilizes and lyses cell membranes by sequestering membrane cholesterol
What is the method of action of Phospholipase C
Hydrolyzes glycerophospholipids and sphingolipids in cell membranes
What is the method of action of Sulfonamides
Compete with para-aminobenzoic acid in folic acid synthesis
What is the method of action of 4-Fluoroquinolones
Inhibit DNA synthesis by inhibiting DNA gyrase A
What is the method of action of Penicillin
Bind to bacterial transpeptidases and block crossbridging in peptidoglycan
What is the method of action of Cephalosporins
Bind to bacterial transpeptidases and block crossbridging in peptidoglycan
What is the normal habitat of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae
. Intestinal tracts of swine, turkeys and many other animals
What is the normal habitat of Mycobacterium avium
Soil and intestinal tracts of birds
What is the normal habitat of Rhodococcus equi
Intestinal tracts of foals and soil
What is the normal habitat of Nocardia asteroides
Soil
What is the normal habitat of Listeria monocytogenes
Plant material and intestinal tracts of herbivores
What is the normal habitat of Mycoplasma bovoculi
Ocular mucosa of cattle.
What is the normal habitat of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis
Soil and skin of sheep and goats
What is the normal habitat of Dermatophilus congolensis
Soil
Bacteria that are most likely to be phagocytosed are:
a. Relatively hydrophobic
b. Relatively hydrophilic
c. Heavily encapsulated
d. Have a complex O-Antigen
e. Have a simple O-Antigen
Relatively hydrophobic
PPD tuberculins are usually preferred because:
a. Give fewer cross-reactions (are more specific) than other types of tuberculins.
b. They are more standardized than other types of tuberculins.
c. They have the extra benefit of immunizing those who are negative on the tuberculin tests.
d. Only a and b above.
e. Only b and c above
d. Only a and b above
a. Give fewer cross-reactions (are more specific) than other types of tuberculins.
b. They are more standardized than other types of tuberculins.
The virulence-associated protein A (VapA) is thought to be important in the immune response to:
a. Streptocococcus equi
b. Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis var. Equi
c. Rhodococcus equi
d. Streptococcus suis
e. Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae
c. Rhodococcus equi
In which of the following does Arcanobacterium pyogenes NOT play an important role?
a. Post-partum metritis in cattle
b. Foot-rot in cattle
c. Liver abscesses in feedlot cattle
d. Subcutaneous abscesses in cattle.
e. Chronic, abscessing mastitis in cattle
Liver abscesses in feedlot cattle
The commonly used modified-live vaccine used to immunize against Bacillus anthracis infection:
a. Lacks the genes for the capsule.
b. Lacks the genes for the PA antigen.
c. Lacks the genes for the EF antigen.
d. Lacks the genes for the LF antigen.
e. None of the above.
Lacks the genes for the capsule
Pathogenic members of the genus Leptospira are cleared from the blood 10 to 12 days following infection because:
a. The host generates a CMI response by that time and is able to kill the organisms.
b. The host generates an antibody response by that time and the antibody restricts the organisms to areas that are immunologically privileged.
c. The organism causes enough tissue damage by that time that defensins, lysozyme and other natural defense mechanisms are able to clear it.
d. The organism undergoes antigenic shifting and becomes naturally avirulent.
e. None of the above.
The host generates an antibody response by that time and the antibody restricts the organisms to areas that are immunologically privileged.
Which of the following is a soil saprophyte commonly found in decaying wood?
a. Coccidioides immitis
b. Histoplasma capsulatum
c. Cryptococcus neoformans
d. Blastomyces dermatitidis
e. Trichophyton equinum
Blastomyces dermatitidis
Which of the following is most commonly found in low-lying areas near reservoirs and dams?
a. Coccidioides immitis
b. Histoplasma capsulatum
c. Cryptococcus neoformans
d. Blastomyces dermatitidis
e. Aspergillus flavus
d. Blastomyces dermatitidis
Which of the following has a strong predilection to infect neural tissue?
a. Coccidioides immitis
b. Histoplasma capsulatum variety farciminosum
c. Cryptococcus neoformans
d. Blastomyces dermatitidis
e. Sporothrix schenckii
c. Cryptococcus neoformans
Which of the following is has been recovered commonly from rotting portions of trees that are contaminated with feces, insect parts and other debris?
a. Coccidioides immitis
b. Histoplasma capsulatum
c. Cryptococcus neoformans
d. Blastomyces dermatitidis
e. Microsporum canis
c. Cryptococcus neoformans