Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Bacteriology 2 > Mycoplasma > Flashcards

Mycoplasma Flashcards

1
Q

Characteristics

A

Smallest self replicating prokaryotes
-lack cell wall, only cellular membrane BUT don’t stain well (lack peptidoglycan)
-round, pear shaped or filamentous

Genome Reduction
-heavy reliance on host cells

Specialized in vitro requirements
-extra nutritious media

Appear as fried egg

Slow growing

Biocontainment level 2 (bovis, heaemofelis) and level 3 (capricolum, mycoides)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Host or habitat

A

Host associated
-mucous membranes, upper respiratory tract, genital tract, intestinal tract

*species pathogenic to animals can survive for short periods in protected environments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Virulence factors

A

-variable surface proteins- evade antibodies
-adhesins
-lipoproteins- adhesions, stimulate release of proinflammatory cytokines
-capsule- persistence and dissemination
-biofilm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Division of Mycoplasma species

A
  1. Hemotrophic: can not be grown on agar plates
  2. Non-hemotrophic: can be grown on agar plates
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Mycoplasma mycoides in cattle

A

-Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia
-old disease; endemic to sub-Sharan Africa
-Canada is free but notifiable disease to OIE. Need stamping out/call CFIA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia

A

-caused by Mycoplasma mycoides
-characterized by severe fibrinous pneumonia
Acute: fever, severe respiratory distress
Subacute: chronic, usually recovered individuals, coughing and progressive cachexia

-high morbidity and mortality= production losses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Incubation and transmission of Mycoplasma mycoides

A

Incubation: 3 wks to 6mths

Transmission: prolonged contact with carriers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Mycoplasma capricolum

A

-Caused Contagious caprine pleuropneumonia
-high morbidity (100%) and mortality in affected herds
-found in Africa, Middle East/East Mediterranean, Asia
**foreign animal in Canada

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Clinical signs of Contagious caprine pleuropneumonia

A

-Mycoplasma capricolum
-cough, hyperpnea, pyrexia
-weakness, anorexia, nasal discharge
-open mouth breathing and frothy saliva

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Transmission of Mycoplasma capricolum

A

transmitted by aerosols
-can travel up to 50m

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Mycoplasma bovis

A

-Leads to arthritis, pneumonia (caseonecrotic pneumonia- oftenpolymicrobial), genital infections/abortion, mastitis

-intracellular infection is possible making therapeutic challenge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Transmission of Mycoplasma bovis

A

-Spreads hematogenously inside hosts. Infection at one site leads to infection at another

-Maintained in herd by carriers (sub clinical disease, recovered, or in colostrum and semen)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Control of mycoplasma bovis

A

-no vaccines
-need to isolate affected animals if possible
*dont use same milking equipment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Treatment of Mycoplasma bovis

A

-antimicrobials
*chronic disease may not responds to appropriate antimicrobials

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Mycoplasma gallisepticum host and pathogenesis

A

-most pathogenic in birds
-often polymicrobial infections

Turkeys: infectious sinusitis= mucopurulent sinusitis and air sacculitis

Broilers: chronic respiratory infections

Layers: often subclinical, reductions in number of eggs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Transmission, control and treatment of Mycoplasma gallisepticum

A

Transmission: vertically within eggs and horizontally in aerosols

Control: biosecurity

Treatment: Tetracyclines and macrolides

17
Q

Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae

A

-causes Enzootic pneumonia
-flare ups of disease often linked with poor management= poor ventilation and aerosol transmission over long distances

18
Q

Enzootic pneumonia clinical signs

A

Chronic, mild disease
-endemic pneumonia
-persistent dry cough
-reduced feed efficiency/growth rate

Commonly see lung lesions at slaughter

19
Q

Control and treatment of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae

A

Control
-custom bacterins used for vaccinations
-preventing mixing= all in and all out, SPF herds

Treatment
- macrolides and tetracyclines

20
Q

Mycoplasma felis

A
  1. Member of upper respiratory community
    -can be in healthy cats and diseased cats
    -often polymicrobial infections so unclear whether M. felis is primary or secondary
  2. Conjunctivitis- serous discharge witch becomes mucoid
  3. Lower respiratory tract disease
    -probably clinically significant
    -pneumonia in kittens
21
Q

Treatment of Mycoplasma felis

A

-tetracyclines, macrolides, fluoroquinolones

22
Q

Mycoplasma haemofelis

A

-Parasitizes erythrocytes in cats
-Leads to anemia and can be fetal = lethargy, weakness, dyspnea, depression, hepatosplenomegaly, lymphadenopathy

23
Q

Transmission of Mycoplasma haemofelis

A

Incubation: 2-30days

Transmission: aggressive interactions and vertical transmission from clinically affected queens. May be transmitted by fleas but not clear

24
Q

Control and treatment of Mycoplasma haemofelis

A

Control: keep cats inside, prevent fighting among outdoor cats

Treatment: tetracyclines, fluoroquinolones

25
Q

Infectious differential diagnoses in cases of anemia

A

-M. haemocanis, M. suis, M. wenyonii (cattle), M. ovis

**Eperythrozoon and Haemobartonella= likely hemotrophic mycoplasmas and will have name change soon

26
Q

Sample collection of Mycoplasma

A

-susceptible to adverse environments
-need transport media

Collect:
-respiratory fluids (lavage or tracheal wash)
-synovial fluid
-necropsy collected tissues (lung)
-milk (often add amplicillin to inhibit growth of other bacteria; but also send other samples without ampicillin)
-blood

27
Q

Lab ID

A
  1. Culture- request, fried egg colonies; M. mycoides needs special media
  2. Serology- ELISA,
  3. PCR
  4. Fluorescent antibody
28
Q

Hemotrophic mycoplasmas Lab ID

A

-Cytology= basophilic structures on erythrocytes
-Cats: 11% sensitivity, 84% specificity

-PCR

**do not freeze

29
Q

Zoonoses of Mycoplasma

A

Usually host specific
-zoonotic transmission rare

30
Q

Treatment for mycoplasma

A

-no standardized methods for susceptibility testing

-intrinsically beta-lactam resistant

-Good choices: tetracycline and fluoroquinolones

Bacteriology 2 (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions