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microbiology > Mycology > Flashcards

Mycology Flashcards

1
Q

Study of Fungi

A

Mycology

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2
Q

Eukaryotic, with complex carbohydrate cell walls

A

Fungi

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3
Q

Major membrane sterol; Targeted by imidazole antifungals

A

Ergosterol

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4
Q

Require organic carbon

A

Heterotrophic nutrition

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5
Q

Living on dead organic material

A

Saprophytic or saprobic

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6
Q

Fungus living on another organism

A

Parasitic

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7
Q

2 Basic Forms of Fungi

A

YeastMolds

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8
Q

2 types of Host Response

A

GranulomatousPyogenic

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9
Q

Causes liver necrosis due to amanitin and phylloidin

A

Amanita mushrooms

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10
Q

Ingestion of contaminated peanuts and grains causes liver cancer due to Aflatoxin

A

Aspergillus flavus

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11
Q

Dissolves human cells, allowing visualization

A

KOH preparation

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12
Q

Low pH inhibits the growth of bacteria

A

Sabouraud’s agar

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13
Q

Infect only superficial keratinized structures; Transmission: direct contact, dogs, cats; Chronic infections often located in warm, humid areas of the body; inflames circular border containing papules and vesicles surrounding a clear area of relatively normal skin

A

Dermatophytoses

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14
Q

Dermatophyte Infection: Athlete’s foot

A

Tinea pedis

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15
Q

Dermatophyte Infection: Nails

A

Tinea unguium

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16
Q

Dermatophyte Infection: Jock itch

A

Tinea cruris

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17
Q

Dermatophyte Infection: Body

A

Tinea corporis

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18
Q

Dermatophyte Infection: Scalp

A

Tinea capitis

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19
Q

Dermatophyte Infection: Facial hair

A

Tinea barbae

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20
Q

Dermatophyte Infection: Hand

A

Tinea manum

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21
Q

Treatment for Dermatophyte Infection

A

Local antifungal creams

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22
Q

Superficial skin infection of cosmetic importance; Hypopigmented areas; Spaghetti and meatballs appearance on 10% KOH

A

Tinea versicolor (Malassezia furfur)

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23
Q

Treatment for Tinea versicolor

A

Miconazole

24
Q

Dimorphic fungus that lives on vegetation; Occurs most often in gardeners, especially those who prune roses; Transmission: thorn prick

A

Sporotrichosis (Sporothrix schenckii)

25
Q

Treatment of Sporotrichosis

A

Itraconazole or Potassium iodide

26
Q

Dimorphic fungus that exists as a mold in soil and as a spherule in tissue; Transmission: inhalation of arthrospores; Granuloma in bones and CNS; Dissemination in those who have defective CMI

A

Coccidioides immitis

27
Q

Influenza-like illness with lung infiltrates, adenopathy or effusions, erythema nodosum (desert bumbs), arthralgias, meningitis

A

Valley Fever

28
Q

DOC for Valley Fever

A

DOC: Amphotericin B

29
Q

Dimorphic fungus with 2 types of asexual spores; Grows in soil contaminated with bird droppings (Starling) or bat guano; Transmission: inhalation of airborne microconidia

A

Histoplasma capsulatum

30
Q

Inhaled microconidia develop into budding yeast inside macrophages; Spread in the liver and spleenn; Dissemination in those who have defective CMI; Closely mimics tuberculosis

A

Histoplasmosis

31
Q

Can you name 2 great mimickers of PTB?

A

Histoplasma capsulatumParagonimus westermani

32
Q

DOC of Histoplasmosis

A

DOC: Amphotericin B

33
Q

Dimorphic fungus with round yeast with broad base bud; Transmission: Inhalation of conidia; Most common cause of fungal pneumonia

A

Blastomyces dermatitidis

34
Q

Chronic pneumonia, ulcerates granulomas, lytic bone lesions and prostatitis

A

Blastomycosis

35
Q

DOC for Blastomycosis

A

DOC: Amphotericin B (Fluconazole- if with brain involvement)

36
Q

Dimorphic fungi with thick yeast with multiple buds in wheel configuration (mariner’s wheel/sailor’s wheel); Transmission: inhalation of conidia

A

Paracoccidioides brasiliensis

37
Q

Chronic pneumonia with painful ulcers on mouth and nose

A

Lutz-Almeida-Splendore Disease

38
Q

Treatment of Lutz-Almeida-Splendore Disease

A

DOC: Amphotericin B

39
Q

May appear as oval yeast with single bud or as pseudohyphae; Form germ tubes in serum and Chlamydo-spores in culture

A

Candida albicans

40
Q

Candidiasis in immunocompetent pts

A

Oral thrushVulvovaginitis (curd-like discharge)Intertrigo (on skin folds)Skin infections (satellite lesions)Onychomycosis

41
Q

Candidiasis in immunocompromised pts

A

Pseudomembranous esophagitisSubcutaneous nodulesRight-sided endocarditis (in IV drug users)

42
Q

Treatment for Candidiasis

A

Oropharyngeal candidiasis - Nystatin swish and spitEsophageal candidiasis - Nystatin swish and swallowSkin infections - ClotrimazoleDisseminated Candidiasis - Amphotericin BChemoprophylaxis - Fluconazole

43
Q

Oval yeast with narrow-based bud surrounded by a wide polysaccharide capsule seen in India Ink preparation; Grows abundantly in soil containing bird droppings (especially pigeons)

A

Cryptococcus neoformans

44
Q

Test for Cryptococcus neoformans

A

Positive Latex Agglutination Test (CALAS)

45
Q

Asymptomatic lung infection (asymptomatic pneumonia), meningitis, encephalitis

A

Cryptococcidiosis

46
Q

Treatment of Cryptococcidiosis

A

DOC: Amphotericin B and Flucytosine (can cross BBB)

47
Q

Exist only as molds; Septate hyphae that form V-shaped (dichotomous) branches; Transmission: inhalation of airborne conidia

A

Aspergillus fumigatus

48
Q

Fungus ball in lung cavities

A

Aspergilloma

49
Q

Asthmatic symptoms with expectoration of brownish bronchial plugs

A

Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis (ABPA)

50
Q

Treatment of Aspergillosis

A

DOC: Amphotericin B

51
Q

Saprophytic molds with nonseptate hyphae with walls and branches at right angles

A

Rhizopus oryzae and Mucor spp.

52
Q

Rhino-orbital-cerebral Infection with eschar formation; Patients with Diabetic ketoacidosis, burns, or leukemia

A

Mucormycosis

53
Q

Indeterminate organism; Major surface glycoprotein undergoes programmed rearrangements; Transmission: inhalation of cysts; Cysts in alveoli induce an inflammatory response consisting plasma cells (frothy exudate that blocks oxygen exchange)

A

Pneumocystis jiroveci

54
Q

Most common AIDS-defining illness; Occurs when CD4

A

Pneumocystis carinii Pneumonia (PCP)

55
Q

DOC for PCP

A

Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole

microbiology (8 decks)

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