Immunology

Question 1

State in which the immune system’s ability to fight infectious disease is compromised

Answer 1

Immunodeficiency

Question 2

4 Major Components of the Immune System

Answer 2

B CellsT CellsPhagocytesComplement

Question 3

Recurrent infections with pyogenic bacteria indicate a

Answer 3

B-cell Deficiency

Question 4

Recurrent infections with fungi, viruses, or protozoa indicate a

Answer 4

T-cell Deficiency

Question 5

Genetic susceptibility to infections since childhood

Answer 5

Primary Immunodeficiency

Question 6

Acquired susceptibility to infection as a result of external processes or diseases

Answer 6

Secondary Immunodeficiency

Question 7

Very low levels of all immunoglobulins; Virtual absence of B cells due to tyrosine kinase mutation; Cell-mediated immunity is normal

Answer 7

X-linked Agammaglobulinemia or Bruton’s Agammaglobulinemia

Question 8

Failure of isotype switching; Recurrent bacterial sinus and lung infections

Answer 8

Selective IgA Deficiency

Question 9

Defect in B cell maturation to plasma cells; Diagnosis of exclusion; Recurrent pyogenic bacterial infections; Most common form of severe antibody deficiency affecting both children and adults

Answer 9

Common Variable Immunodeficiency

Question 10

Profound deficit of T cells; Failure of development of thymus and parathyroids; Humoral immunity is normal; Tetany due to hypocalcemia

Answer 10

Di George Syndrome

Question 11

Di George Syndrome

Answer 11

Cardiac defect (TOF)Abnormal faciesThymic aplasiaCleft palateHypocalcemia22q11.2 chromosomal deletion

Question 12

Specific T-cell deficiency for Candida albicans; Other T-cell and B-cell functions are normal

Answer 12

Chronic Mucocutaneous Candidiasis

Question 13

X-linked; Defect in IL-2 receptors in T-cells; Autosomal: ADA deficiency; Recurrent bacterial, viral, fungal and protozoal infection in early infancy

Answer 13

Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID)

Question 14

X-linked; Inability to mount IgM response; Mutation in WASP gene for actin filament assembly; Recurrent pyogenic infections, eczema, and bleeding due to thrombocytopenia

Answer 14

Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome

Question 15

Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome

Answer 15

ThrombocytopeniaInfectionsEczemaWASP mutation

Question 16

Autosomal recessive disease; Mutations in DNA repair enzymes; IgA deficiency; Ataxia, Telangiectasia, recurrent infections by 2 years of age

Answer 16

Ataxia-Telangiectasia

Question 17

Lack NADPH oxidase activity; Failure of oxidative burst; Normal B and T cell activity; Recurrent infections with: catalase (+) bacteria and fungi (A. fumigatus); Widespread granulomas of unknown etiology

Answer 17

Chronic Granulomatous Disease

Question 18

Autosomal recessive disease; Failure of Phagolysosomal Fusion; Faulty microtubules impair neutrophil chemotaxis; Recurrent pyogenic infections caused by Staphylococci and Streptococci

Answer 18

Chediak-Higashi Syndrome

Question 19

Autosomal recessive diseases; Mutation in integrins; Defective adhesion (LFA-1) proteins on the surface of phagocytes; Severe pyogenic infections in infancy; Delayed separation of umbilical cord

Answer 19

Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency (LAD)

Question 20

Most common complement defect; Usually asymptomatic but may develop septicemia or SLE

Answer 20

C2 Deficiency

Question 21

Recurrent pyogenic infections due to Staphylococcus aureus

Answer 21

C3 Deficiency

Question 22

Specific deficiency in C5-C9; Inability to form membrane-attack complexes; Severe bacteremia with Neisseria meningitidis or Neisseria gonorhoeae

Answer 22

Terminal Complement Deficiency

Question 23

B Cell Deficiency

Answer 23

Bruton’s XLAIgA Deficiency

Question 24

T-cell Deficiency

Answer 24

Di George Syndrome

Question 25

B-Cell and T-Cell Deficiency

Answer 25

Severe Combined Immunodeficiency Wiskott-Aldrich SyndromeAtaxia Telangiectasia

Question 26

Phagocyte Deficiency

Answer 26

Chronic Granulomatous DiseaseLeukocyte Adhesion DeficiencyChediak-Higashi Syndrome

Question 27

Complement Deficiency

Answer 27

C5-C9 Deficiency

Question 28

Decreased supply of amino acids; Decreased synthesis of IgG and Complement

Answer 28

Malnutrition

Question 29

HIV infects and kills CD4+ helper T-cells; Loss of cell-mediated immunity

Answer 29

AIDS