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Microbiology > Mycology > Flashcards

Mycology Flashcards

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1
Q

what does it mean to be dimorphic fungi?

- when do they occur

A
  1. mold state = cold (20 celcius)

2. yeast state = heat (37 celcius)

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2
Q

coccidiodomycosis is different from other mycoses b/c it has a different form in tissue

A

instead of yeast, it’s spherule in tissue

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3
Q

treatment for mycoses

  • systemic
  • local
A
  • systemic: amphotericin B

- local: fluconazole or itraconazole

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4
Q

examples of mycoses (5)

A
  1. histoplasmosis
  2. blastomycosis
  3. coccidioidomycosis
  4. paracoccidioidomycosis
  5. cutaneous mycoses
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5
Q

tinea versicolor

  • what is it
  • caused by what
A

cutaneous mycosis

Malassezia furfur

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6
Q

treatment for tinea versicolor

A
  1. topical miconazole, selenium sulfide (Selsum)
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7
Q

pathophysiology of tinea versicolor

A
  1. degradation of lipids –> acids
  2. acids damage melanocytes
  3. damaged melanocytes means hypo/hyperpigmented patches
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8
Q

tinea cruris is tinea where?

A

groin

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9
Q

tinea corporis where

A

ringworm on body

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10
Q

tinea unguium where?

A

aka onychomycosis … on fingernails

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11
Q

examples of dermatophytes (3)

A
  1. microsporum
  2. trichophyton
  3. epidermophyton
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12
Q

what do dermatophyte lesions look like

A

pruritic lesions with central clearing

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13
Q

what do you see if you put dermatophytes in KOH prep

A

hyphae

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14
Q

are dermatophytes dimorphic?

A

no

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15
Q

systemic mycoses looks like what? why?

what differs

A

TB
granuloma formation
no person-person transmission

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16
Q

Histoplasmosis

- endemic location

A

Mississippi and Ohio river valleys

Lots of “history “on the Mississippi river valleys

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17
Q

Histoplasmosis in what cells?

A

macrophages

“Histo Hides”

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18
Q

Blastomycosis

- endemic where

A

East of Mississippi River + Central America

“Blasted east coast and Central America”

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19
Q

disease caused by Blastomycosis

A

inflammatory lung disease that can dissemintate to skin and bone …

forms granulomatous nodules

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20
Q

Histoplasmosis transmitted via what in nature

A

bird of bat droppings

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21
Q

blastomycoses on smear

A

broad-base budding (same size as RBC)

“Blasto Buds Broadly”

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22
Q

Coccidioidomycosis

- endemic where?

A

Southwestern US (CA)

California cocks

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23
Q

what disease does coccidioidomycosis cause?

A

PNA and meningitis
can disseminate to bone and skin
- erythema nodosum and arthralgias

24
Q

smear of coccidioidomycosis

A

you see spherules.. which are much larger than RBCs, filled with endospores

25
Q

paracoccidioidomycosis

- endemic where?

A

Latin America

26
Q

look of paracoccidioidomycosis

A

budding yeast with “captain’s wheel” formation (much larger than RBCs)

“Para Parasails with captain’s wheel all the way to Latin America”

27
Q

opportunistic fungal infections (6)

A
  1. candida albicans
  2. aspergillus fumigatus
  3. cryptococcus neoformans
  4. mucos and rhizopus spp
  5. pneumocystic jirovecii
  6. sporothrix schenckii
28
Q

treatment for candida

A

vaginitis: topical azole
oral/esophageal: fluconazole or caspofungin
systemic: amphotericin B, fluconoazole, or caspofungin

29
Q

candida albicans on pathology

A

dimorphic yeast
pseudohyphae
budding yeasts at 20 celcius
Germ tubes at 37 celcius

30
Q

aseprgillus fumigatus affects who? (2)

A

immunocompromised and chronic granulomatous disease

31
Q

allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis a/w what (2)

can cause what (2)

A

asthma and CF

can cause bronchiectasis and eosinophilia

32
Q

some aspergillus make toxins…

  • what are they called
  • what can they cause
A

Aflatoxin

HCC

33
Q

aspergillus pathology

A

septate hyphae that branch at 45 degrees angle
conidiophore w/radiating chains of spores
NOT dimorphic

34
Q

cryptococcus neoformans found where

A

soil and pigeon droppings

35
Q

what disease can cryptococcus neoformans cause

A

meningitis

36
Q

what culture do you use for cryptococcus neoformans

A

Sabouraud agar

37
Q

what do you use to stain cryptococcus neoformans

A

India ink and mucicarmine

38
Q

What test detects polysaccharide cryptococcus capsular antigen

A

Latex agglutination

39
Q

what can you see if cryptoccucus affects brain?

A

“soap bubble lesions”

40
Q

pathology of cryptococcus neoformans

A

NOT dimorphic

heavily encapsulated yeast w/halos on India ink

41
Q

Mucor pathology

A

irregular, broad, nonseptate hyphae branching at wide angles

42
Q

mucormycosis infects where anatomically

A

paranasal sinuses

43
Q

mucormycosis affects who mostly?

A

ketoacidotic diabetic and leukemic patients

44
Q

where to mucor proliferate

A

places with excess ketones and glucose like in blood vessel walls

45
Q

what sort of abscesses do you get with mucor?

A

rhinocerebral (frontal lobe) abscess

46
Q

presentation of mucor infection (3)

A

h/a
facial pain
black necrotic eschar on face

47
Q

treament for mucor infection

A

amphotericin B

48
Q

Pnumocystis jirovecii causes what

A

diffuse interstitial PNA

49
Q

pneumocystic jirovecii infects who?

A

immunocompromised, otherwise really asymptomatic

50
Q

pathology of pneumocystic

A

dic-shaped yeast forms on methenamine silver stain of lung tissue

51
Q

treatment for PCP

A

TMP-SMX

Pentamidine

52
Q

ppx for PCP

A

dapsone

atovaquone

53
Q

when to start ppx for PCP in AIDS (CD count)

A

when CD < 200

54
Q

sporothrix schenckii pathology

A

dimorphic
cigar-shaped
budding yeast living on vegetables

55
Q

presentation of sporothrix infection

A

usually entered via trauma
local pusture or ulcer w/nodules along draining lymphatics (ascending lymphangitis)

little systemic illness

56
Q

treatment for sporothrix infection

A

itraconazole or potassium iodide

Microbiology (11 decks)

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