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Mycology Flashcards

1
Q

what does it mean to be dimorphic fungi?

- when do they occur

A
  1. mold state = cold (20 celcius)

2. yeast state = heat (37 celcius)

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2
Q

coccidiodomycosis is different from other mycoses b/c it has a different form in tissue

A

instead of yeast, it’s spherule in tissue

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3
Q

treatment for mycoses

  • systemic
  • local
A
  • systemic: amphotericin B

- local: fluconazole or itraconazole

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4
Q

examples of mycoses (5)

A
  1. histoplasmosis
  2. blastomycosis
  3. coccidioidomycosis
  4. paracoccidioidomycosis
  5. cutaneous mycoses
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5
Q

tinea versicolor

  • what is it
  • caused by what
A

cutaneous mycosis

Malassezia furfur

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6
Q

treatment for tinea versicolor

A
  1. topical miconazole, selenium sulfide (Selsum)
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7
Q

pathophysiology of tinea versicolor

A
  1. degradation of lipids –> acids
  2. acids damage melanocytes
  3. damaged melanocytes means hypo/hyperpigmented patches
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8
Q

tinea cruris is tinea where?

A

groin

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9
Q

tinea corporis where

A

ringworm on body

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10
Q

tinea unguium where?

A

aka onychomycosis … on fingernails

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11
Q

examples of dermatophytes (3)

A
  1. microsporum
  2. trichophyton
  3. epidermophyton
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12
Q

what do dermatophyte lesions look like

A

pruritic lesions with central clearing

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13
Q

what do you see if you put dermatophytes in KOH prep

A

hyphae

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14
Q

are dermatophytes dimorphic?

A

no

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15
Q

systemic mycoses looks like what? why?

what differs

A

TB
granuloma formation
no person-person transmission

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16
Q

Histoplasmosis

- endemic location

A

Mississippi and Ohio river valleys

Lots of “history “on the Mississippi river valleys

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17
Q

Histoplasmosis in what cells?

A

macrophages

“Histo Hides”

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18
Q

Blastomycosis

- endemic where

A

East of Mississippi River + Central America

“Blasted east coast and Central America”

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19
Q

disease caused by Blastomycosis

A

inflammatory lung disease that can dissemintate to skin and bone …

forms granulomatous nodules

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20
Q

Histoplasmosis transmitted via what in nature

A

bird of bat droppings

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21
Q

blastomycoses on smear

A

broad-base budding (same size as RBC)

“Blasto Buds Broadly”

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22
Q

Coccidioidomycosis

- endemic where?

A

Southwestern US (CA)

California cocks

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23
Q

what disease does coccidioidomycosis cause?

A

PNA and meningitis
can disseminate to bone and skin
- erythema nodosum and arthralgias

24
Q

smear of coccidioidomycosis

A

you see spherules.. which are much larger than RBCs, filled with endospores

25
paracoccidioidomycosis | - endemic where?
Latin America
26
look of paracoccidioidomycosis
budding yeast with "captain's wheel" formation (much larger than RBCs) "Para Parasails with captain's wheel all the way to Latin America"
27
opportunistic fungal infections (6)
1. candida albicans 2. aspergillus fumigatus 3. cryptococcus neoformans 4. mucos and rhizopus spp 5. pneumocystic jirovecii 6. sporothrix schenckii
28
treatment for candida
vaginitis: topical azole oral/esophageal: fluconazole or caspofungin systemic: amphotericin B, fluconoazole, or caspofungin
29
candida albicans on pathology
dimorphic yeast pseudohyphae budding yeasts at 20 celcius Germ tubes at 37 celcius
30
aseprgillus fumigatus affects who? (2)
immunocompromised and chronic granulomatous disease
31
allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis a/w what (2) | can cause what (2)
asthma and CF | can cause bronchiectasis and eosinophilia
32
some aspergillus make toxins... - what are they called - what can they cause
Aflatoxin | HCC
33
aspergillus pathology
septate hyphae that branch at 45 degrees angle conidiophore w/radiating chains of spores NOT dimorphic
34
cryptococcus neoformans found where
soil and pigeon droppings
35
what disease can cryptococcus neoformans cause
meningitis
36
what culture do you use for cryptococcus neoformans
Sabouraud agar
37
what do you use to stain cryptococcus neoformans
India ink and mucicarmine
38
What test detects polysaccharide cryptococcus capsular antigen
Latex agglutination
39
what can you see if cryptoccucus affects brain?
"soap bubble lesions"
40
pathology of cryptococcus neoformans
NOT dimorphic | heavily encapsulated yeast w/halos on India ink
41
Mucor pathology
irregular, broad, nonseptate hyphae branching at wide angles
42
mucormycosis infects where anatomically
paranasal sinuses
43
mucormycosis affects who mostly?
ketoacidotic diabetic and leukemic patients
44
where to mucor proliferate
places with excess ketones and glucose like in blood vessel walls
45
what sort of abscesses do you get with mucor?
rhinocerebral (frontal lobe) abscess
46
presentation of mucor infection (3)
h/a facial pain black necrotic eschar on face
47
treament for mucor infection
amphotericin B
48
Pnumocystis jirovecii causes what
diffuse interstitial PNA
49
pneumocystic jirovecii infects who?
immunocompromised, otherwise really asymptomatic
50
pathology of pneumocystic
dic-shaped yeast forms on methenamine silver stain of lung tissue
51
treatment for PCP
TMP-SMX | Pentamidine
52
ppx for PCP
dapsone | atovaquone
53
when to start ppx for PCP in AIDS (CD count)
when CD < 200
54
sporothrix schenckii pathology
dimorphic cigar-shaped budding yeast living on vegetables
55
presentation of sporothrix infection
usually entered via trauma local pusture or ulcer w/nodules along draining lymphatics (ascending lymphangitis) little systemic illness
56
treatment for sporothrix infection
itraconazole or potassium iodide

Microbiology (11 decks)

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