Basic structures

Question 1

Peptidoglycan

• function
• made of

Answer 1

• rigid support
• protection against osmotic pressure
• sugar backbone
• peptide side chains hooked up by transpeptidase

Question 2

cell wall/cell MB in GP’s

1. function
2. made of

Answer 2

1. major surface Ag
2. peptidoglycan
   lipoteichoic acid induces TNF and IL-1

Question 3

outer MB in GN’s

1. function
2. pieces and their function (2)

Answer 3

1.endotoxin (LPS)
major surface Ag

2. Lipid A induces TNF and IL-1
   O polysaccharide is the Ag

Question 4

plasma MB

1. function
2. made of

Answer 4

1. ox phos
   enzyme transport
2. PL bilayer

Question 5

ribosome

1. function
2. subunits

Answer 5

1. protein synthesis

2. 50s and 30s = 70s

Question 6

periplasm

1. what is it
2. what does it contain

Answer 6

1. space b/w plasma MB and outer MB in GN’s

2. hydrolytic enzymes, including beta-lactamases

Question 7

capsule

1. function
2. made of (with exception)

Answer 7

1. protection against phagocytosis
2. polysaccharides
   except for Bacillus anthracis, which has D-glutamate

Question 8

pilus/fimbria

1. function
2. made of

Answer 8

1. adherence of bacteria to cell surface
   sex pilus for conjugation
2. glyco-protein

Question 9

flagellum

1. function
2. made up

Answer 9

1. motility

2. protein

Question 10

spore

1. special properties: resistant to:
2. made of

Answer 10

1. resistant to dehydration, heat, and chemicals
2. keratin-like coat
   dipicolinic acid
   peptidoglycan

Question 11

plasmid

1. what is it
2. made of

Answer 11

1. non-chromosomal genetic material holding genes for antibiotic resistance, enzymes, toxins
2. DNA

Question 12

glycocalyx

1. function
2. made of

Answer 12

1. adherence to surfaces, esp foreign surfaces

2. polysaccharide

Question 13

what’s unique to GP cell wall?

Answer 13

lipo-teichoic acid

Question 14

what’s unique to GN cell wall? (3)

Answer 14

LPS (endotoxin)
outer MB
periplasm