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Mycology Flashcards

1
Q

What is mycology?

A

Study of fungi

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2
Q

Multicellular fungi are called…

A

molds

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3
Q

Unicellular fungi are called…

A

yeasts

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4
Q

Do fungi have a nucleus?

A

Yes

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5
Q

What is fungi’s primary purpose?

A

Decomposition

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6
Q

Are fungi eukaryotes or prokaryotes?

A

Eukaryotes

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7
Q

Describe sexual reproduction of fungi

A

Meeting of spores necessary

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8
Q

Describe asexual reproduction of fungi

A

Conidia: structures holding sterile spores land and immediately vegetate

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9
Q

How much of mold is actually visible?

A

Top 10%

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10
Q

Growing cells of mold make filaments called…

A

hyphae

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11
Q

Do the growing cells of mold have cell walls?

A

They may or may not

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12
Q

What are hyphae?

A

Tube (hair)-like extensions of the cytoplasm

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13
Q

Describe septate hypha

A

Hyphae are separated by walls called septa

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13
Q

What is a mycelial mat?

A

Fungal “mat” consisting of intertwined hyphae
aka mushrooms

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14
Q

Describe coenocytic hypha

A

Long hyphae cells, not separated into compartments

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15
Q

Hyphae grow from…

A

spores

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16
Q

In which direction does aerial hyphae grow?
What is an example of aerial hyphae?

A

Grows up
ie. mildew

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17
Q

Aerial hyphae is…
while vegetative hyphae is…

A

aerial is hydrophobic
vegetative is hydrophilic

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18
Q

What is thermal dimorphism?

A

The ability of a fungus to grow as yeast or mold depending on temperature

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19
Q

What temperatures does mold grow?

A

22 C
(colder than yeast)

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20
Q

What temperatures does yeast grow?

A

35-37 C
(warmer than mold)

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21
Q

How does yeast reproduce?

A

Asexually through budding

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22
Q

Fungi reproduce sexually and asexually via formation of…

A

spores

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23
Q

What is the purpose of fungi exospores compared to bacterial endospores?

A

Fungi exospores are for reproduction
Bacterial endospores are for survival

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24
How are asexual spores produced and formed?
Produced via mitosis and cell division; formed by the hyphae of one organism
25
What is a conidiospore?
Asexual spore not enclosed in a sac
26
What is an arthroconidia?
Fragmentation of septate hyphae (an asexual spore)
27
What is a blastoconidia?
Asexual spore that buds off the parent cell
28
What is a chlamydoconidium?
Asexual spore within a hyphal segment
29
What is a sporangiospore?
Asexual spore enclosed in a sac
30
Conidia are arranged in...
chains
31
Fragmentation of hyphae result in formation of...
arthroconidia
32
Blastoconidia are formed from...
buds of parent cells
33
Chlamydoconidia are thick-walled cells within...
hyphae
34
Sporangiospores are formed within a...
sporangium
35
Sexual spores are comparable to...
mammalian reproduction
36
Sexual reproduction of fungi consist of fusion of...
nuclei from two opposite mating strains
37
What are the three phases of sexual reproduction of fungi?
1. Plasmogamy 2. Karyogamy 3. Meiosis
38
What is plasmogamy?
Haploid donor cell nucleus (+) penetrates cytoplasm of recipient cell (-)
39
What is karyogamy?
+ and - nuclei fuse and form diploid zygote
40
What is meiosis?
Diploid nucleus produces haploid nuclei
41
Fungi grow better at a pH of...
5 (acidic)
42
How does fungal growth prefer sugar, salt, and osmotic pressure?
Prefers high sugar (uses it), tolerates high salt concentration, and is resistant to osmotic pressure
43
Can fungi grow without high moisture?
Yes, can grow in low moisture content such as deserts
44
What sort of things can fungi metabolize?
Complex carbohydrates, proteins, plastics, wood, skin, etc.
45
What is mycosis?
Any disease caused by a fungus (yeast or mold)
46
Which type of mycosis is most prevalent in the developed world?
Superficial mycoses
47
Name two examples of superficial mycoses
1. Tinea capitis (scalp and eyebrows) 2. Pityriasis (yeast dermatitis of chest and back)
48
Name two examples of cutaneous and mucocutaneous mycoses
1. Ringworm 2. Candidiasis
49
Name two examples of subcutaneous mycoses
1. Sporotrichosis (puncture contamination) 2. Zygomatic rhinitis
50
Name two examples of deep mycoses
1. Coccidiomycosis (valley fever) 2. Histoplasmosis
51
Which type of mycosis is rarely seen in the developed world?
Deep mycoses
52
What is the common cause of ringworm?
Close/abrasive contact
53
What is tinea cruris?
"Jock itch" Fungal yeast based red scaling plaques on medial thighs and inguinal folds
54
What is the most common dermatophyte?
Tinea pedis
55
What is the etiology of tinea pedis?
Use of occlusive footwear
56
Tinea pedis presents with...
toe-web maceration (white mold)
57
How is tinea pedis treated?
Topically for a year
58
What is tinea unguium/ onychomycosis?
Fungal infection of nails either in foot or hand (more commonly feet)
59
How is tinea unguium treated?
Systemic treatment for 3 months
60
What is tinea capitis?
Superficial fungal infection of skin, scalp, eyebrows, and eyelashes, with a propensity for attacking hair shafts and follicles
61
What is the cause of sporotrichosis?
Sporothrix Lives in soil and plants such as sphagnum moss, rose bushes, and hay
62
Histoplasmosis is caused by a fungus in the environment, particularly in soil/air that contains...
large amounts of bird or bat droppings
63
Do fungal pathogens need a host to complete their life cycle?
Most do not
63
True fungal pathogens are distributed in a predictable geographic pattern based on...
climate and soil
64
What are five fungal virulence factors?
* Thermal dimorphism * Toxin production * Capsules * Adhesion factors * Hydrolytic enxymes
65
Mycotoxins come from...
fungi
66
Which mycotoxin is carcinogenic?
Aflatoxin
67
Where is aflatoxin found?
Improperly stored peanuts
68
What is ergot? Where is it found?
Hallucinogenic alkaloid toxin that affects dopamine Found on improperly stored grain
69
What is psilocybin? Where is it found?
Hallucinogenic toxin that affects cerebrum and sensory processing Found in genus Basidiomycota
70
What is alpha - amanitin? Where is it found?
Lethal toxin to hepatocytes; death occurs within 6 hours of ingestion Found in the death cap mushroom
71
"Sick building" syndrome is caused by toxin production by...
stachybotrys chartarum
72
What are the effects of "sick building" syndrome?
Severe hematologic and neurologic damage
73
Where does "sick building" syndrome come from?
Water infiltration of building supplies or flood damage

Clinical Microbiology (6 decks)

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