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Clinical Microbiology > Mycology > Flashcards

Mycology Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is mycology?

A

Study of fungi

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2
Q

Multicellular fungi are called…

A

molds

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3
Q

Unicellular fungi are called…

A

yeasts

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4
Q

Do fungi have a nucleus?

A

Yes

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5
Q

What is fungi’s primary purpose?

A

Decomposition

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6
Q

Are fungi eukaryotes or prokaryotes?

A

Eukaryotes

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7
Q

Describe sexual reproduction of fungi

A

Meeting of spores necessary

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8
Q

Describe asexual reproduction of fungi

A

Conidia: structures holding sterile spores land and immediately vegetate

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9
Q

How much of mold is actually visible?

A

Top 10%

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10
Q

Growing cells of mold make filaments called…

A

hyphae

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11
Q

Do the growing cells of mold have cell walls?

A

They may or may not

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12
Q

What are hyphae?

A

Tube (hair)-like extensions of the cytoplasm

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13
Q

Describe septate hypha

A

Hyphae are separated by walls called septa

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13
Q

What is a mycelial mat?

A

Fungal “mat” consisting of intertwined hyphae
aka mushrooms

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14
Q

Describe coenocytic hypha

A

Long hyphae cells, not separated into compartments

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15
Q

Hyphae grow from…

A

spores

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16
Q

In which direction does aerial hyphae grow?
What is an example of aerial hyphae?

A

Grows up
ie. mildew

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17
Q

Aerial hyphae is…
while vegetative hyphae is…

A

aerial is hydrophobic
vegetative is hydrophilic

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18
Q

What is thermal dimorphism?

A

The ability of a fungus to grow as yeast or mold depending on temperature

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19
Q

What temperatures does mold grow?

A

22 C
(colder than yeast)

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20
Q

What temperatures does yeast grow?

A

35-37 C
(warmer than mold)

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21
Q

How does yeast reproduce?

A

Asexually through budding

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22
Q

Fungi reproduce sexually and asexually via formation of…

A

spores

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23
Q

What is the purpose of fungi exospores compared to bacterial endospores?

A

Fungi exospores are for reproduction
Bacterial endospores are for survival

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24
Q

How are asexual spores produced and formed?

A

Produced via mitosis and cell division; formed by the hyphae of one organism

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25
Q

What is a conidiospore?

A

Asexual spore not enclosed in a sac

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26
Q

What is an arthroconidia?

A

Fragmentation of septate hyphae (an asexual spore)

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27
Q

What is a blastoconidia?

A

Asexual spore that buds off the parent cell

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28
Q

What is a chlamydoconidium?

A

Asexual spore within a hyphal segment

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29
Q

What is a sporangiospore?

A

Asexual spore enclosed in a sac

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30
Q

Conidia are arranged in…

A

chains

31
Q

Fragmentation of hyphae result in formation of…

A

arthroconidia

32
Q

Blastoconidia are formed from…

A

buds of parent cells

33
Q

Chlamydoconidia are thick-walled cells within…

A

hyphae

34
Q

Sporangiospores are formed within a…

A

sporangium

35
Q

Sexual spores are comparable to…

A

mammalian reproduction

36
Q

Sexual reproduction of fungi consist of fusion of…

A

nuclei from two opposite mating strains

37
Q

What are the three phases of sexual reproduction of fungi?

A
  1. Plasmogamy
  2. Karyogamy
  3. Meiosis
38
Q

What is plasmogamy?

A

Haploid donor cell nucleus (+) penetrates cytoplasm of recipient cell (-)

39
Q

What is karyogamy?

A

+ and - nuclei fuse and form diploid zygote

40
Q

What is meiosis?

A

Diploid nucleus produces haploid nuclei

41
Q

Fungi grow better at a pH of…

A

5 (acidic)

42
Q

How does fungal growth prefer sugar, salt, and osmotic pressure?

A

Prefers high sugar (uses it), tolerates high salt concentration, and is resistant to osmotic pressure

43
Q

Can fungi grow without high moisture?

A

Yes, can grow in low moisture content such as deserts

44
Q

What sort of things can fungi metabolize?

A

Complex carbohydrates, proteins, plastics, wood, skin, etc.

45
Q

What is mycosis?

A

Any disease caused by a fungus (yeast or mold)

46
Q

Which type of mycosis is most prevalent in the developed world?

A

Superficial mycoses

47
Q

Name two examples of superficial mycoses

A
  1. Tinea capitis (scalp and eyebrows)
  2. Pityriasis (yeast dermatitis of chest and back)
48
Q

Name two examples of cutaneous and mucocutaneous mycoses

A
  1. Ringworm
  2. Candidiasis
49
Q

Name two examples of subcutaneous mycoses

A
  1. Sporotrichosis (puncture contamination)
  2. Zygomatic rhinitis
50
Q

Name two examples of deep mycoses

A
  1. Coccidiomycosis (valley fever)
  2. Histoplasmosis
51
Q

Which type of mycosis is rarely seen in the developed world?

A

Deep mycoses

52
Q

What is the common cause of ringworm?

A

Close/abrasive contact

53
Q

What is tinea cruris?

A

“Jock itch”
Fungal yeast based red scaling plaques on medial thighs and inguinal folds

54
Q

What is the most common dermatophyte?

A

Tinea pedis

55
Q

What is the etiology of tinea pedis?

A

Use of occlusive footwear

56
Q

Tinea pedis presents with…

A

toe-web maceration (white mold)

57
Q

How is tinea pedis treated?

A

Topically for a year

58
Q

What is tinea unguium/ onychomycosis?

A

Fungal infection of nails either in foot or hand (more commonly feet)

59
Q

How is tinea unguium treated?

A

Systemic treatment for 3 months

60
Q

What is tinea capitis?

A

Superficial fungal infection of skin, scalp, eyebrows, and eyelashes, with a propensity for attacking hair shafts and follicles

61
Q

What is the cause of sporotrichosis?

A

Sporothrix
Lives in soil and plants such as sphagnum moss, rose bushes, and hay

62
Q

Histoplasmosis is caused by a fungus in the environment, particularly in soil/air that contains…

A

large amounts of bird or bat droppings

63
Q

Do fungal pathogens need a host to complete their life cycle?

A

Most do not

63
Q

True fungal pathogens are distributed in a predictable geographic pattern based on…

A

climate and soil

64
Q

What are five fungal virulence factors?

A
  • Thermal dimorphism
  • Toxin production
  • Capsules
  • Adhesion factors
  • Hydrolytic enxymes
65
Q

Mycotoxins come from…

A

fungi

66
Q

Which mycotoxin is carcinogenic?

A

Aflatoxin

67
Q

Where is aflatoxin found?

A

Improperly stored peanuts

68
Q

What is ergot?
Where is it found?

A

Hallucinogenic alkaloid toxin that affects dopamine
Found on improperly stored grain

69
Q

What is psilocybin?
Where is it found?

A

Hallucinogenic toxin that affects cerebrum and sensory processing
Found in genus Basidiomycota

70
Q

What is alpha - amanitin?
Where is it found?

A

Lethal toxin to hepatocytes; death occurs within 6 hours of ingestion
Found in the death cap mushroom

71
Q

“Sick building” syndrome is caused by toxin production by…

A

stachybotrys chartarum

72
Q

What are the effects of “sick building” syndrome?

A

Severe hematologic and neurologic damage

73
Q

Where does “sick building” syndrome come from?

A

Water infiltration of building supplies or flood damage

Clinical Microbiology (6 decks)

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