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Microbiology > Mycology > Flashcards

Mycology Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

True or False

Fungi are eukaryotic

A

True

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1
Q
A
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2
Q

True or False

Fungal cells have a true nucleus with a surrounding membrane, and cell division is accompanied by mitosis or meiosis

A

True

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3
Q

True or False

Fungi have rigid cell walls with chitin and glucan as major components

A

True

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4
Q

True or False

Fungal cell membranes typically contain ergosterol

A

True

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5
Q

Where is chitin and glucan located?

A

Cell wall

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6
Q

Where is ergosterol located?

A

Cell membrane

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7
Q

True or False

Fungi are heterotrophic and requrie performed organic carbon compounds for their nutrition

A

True

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8
Q

What does Heterotrophic mean?

A

Lacking in chlorophyll

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9
Q

What does saprphytic mean?

A

nutrients from deas and decaying matter

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10
Q

True or False

Fungi secrete enzymes to break up large molecules-absorb nutrients
* can degrade cellulose and lignin (wood)
* Release CO2 and nitrogen compounsd into soil

A

True

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11
Q

What is saprophytic?

A

nutrients from dead and decaying matter

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12
Q

What are some of the significance of fungi?

A
  • decompose dead organisms and recycle their nutrients
  • help plants absorb water and minerals
  • used for food
  • produce antibiotics
  • research tools
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13
Q

What is the morphology of fungi?

A
  • Two basic body shapes: molds and yeasts
  • some fungi are dimorphic
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14
Q

What is the difference between molds and yeast?

A

Molds
* composed of long filaments called hyphae
* multicellular
Yeasts
* small, globular, and composed of a single cell
* reproduce by mitosis or budding

Yeast reproduction under a microscope look like a tiny snowman.

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15
Q

What does it mean to be dimorphic?

A
  • produce both yeastlike and moldlike shapes
  • change in response to environmental conditions
16
Q

How do fungi reproduce?

A

by spores

17
Q

How do fungi reproduce through spores?

A

through mitosis (asexual process)

asexual spores and spore-bearing structures are designed to ensure repid dispersal to new habitats

18
Q

How to identify yeast?

A
  • colonial morphology
  • microscopic morphology
  • biochemical testing DNA sequencing
19
Q

Candida albicans

a yeast

A
  • “feet”-like extensions commonly seen on blood agar
  • terminal, thick-walled chlamydospores
  • Blastoconidia clustered at septa
20
Q

Cryptococcus neoformans

a yeast

A
  • cream-colored, mucoid colonies
  • direct India Ink wet mount of CSF
21
Q

Hyphae

A
  • rigid cell wall
  • increases in length b/c of apical growth with mitotic cell division
  • in higher fungi, hyphae are divided into cells by the development of cross-walls (septa)
22
Q

structure of hyphae

A
  • looks like a tree branch
  • the base of the branch is the septum
  • apical growth is straight up
  • hyphae are the little branches
23
Q

Mycelium morphology

A

Vegetative
* penetrates into the medium to absorb nutrients
Aerial
* produces spores (conidia), pigmentation, texture and topography

24
Q

What is the taxonomy and classification of fungi?

A
  • Division Chytridiomycota
  • Division Zygomycota +
  • Division Ascomycota +
  • Division Basidiomysota +

+ contains species pathogenic to humans

25
Q

What are clinical groupings for fungal infections?

A
  • Cutaneous Mycoses
  • Subcutaneous Mycoses
  • Opportunistic Systemic Mycoses
  • Dimorphic Systemic Mycoses
26
Q

What is cutaneous mycoses?

A
  • Superficial fungal infections of the skin, hair or nails
  • No living tissue invaded
  • Pathological changes are elicited due to presence of the infectious agent and its metabolic products.

ringworm

27
Q

What is the causative organisms of Dermatophytosis?

cutaneous mycoses

Ringworm of the scalp, skin & nails

A

Dermatophytes (Microsporum, Trichophyton, Epidermiphyton)

28
Q

What is the causative organisms of Candidiasis?

Cutaneous Mycoses

skin, mucous membranes & nails

A

Candida albicans and related species

29
Q

What are subcutaneous mycoses?

A
  • Chronic localized infections of the skin and subcutaneous tissue following the traumatic implantation of the etiologic agent
  • Causative fungi are soil saprophytes.
  • Ability to adapt to the tissue environment and elicit disease is extremely variable.

rose gardeners disease

30
Q

What are opportunistic systemic mycoses?

A
  • Fungal infections which occur in debilitated patients whose normal defense mechanisms are impaired
  • Involve fungi with a very low inherent virulence
  • Increased incidence parallels more aggressive cancer & post transplantation chemotherapy and the emergence of AIDS
31
Q

What are the pigmentation of molds?

A
  • dematiaceous
  • hyaline
32
Q

What are dimorphic systemic mycoses?

A
  • Fungal infections caused by dimorphic pathogens which can overcome the physiological and cellular defenses of the normal human host by changing their morphological form
  • Environmental form – filamentous or hyphal
  • Tissue form – yeast or yeast like
  • Primary site of infection – pulmonary
  • Geographically restricted

Microbiology (15 decks)

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