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Farrell > Mycology > Flashcards

Mycology Flashcards

1
Q

Saprophytes

A

Most fungi, feed on dead/decaying material

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2
Q

Parasites

A

Many fungi are parasites, feed on living organisms without killing them

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3
Q

Common characteristics of all fungi

A

Eukaryotes, can be multi- or uni-cellular, heterotrophic

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4
Q

Mycobacteria

A

GPB, acid-fast, aerobes, produce catalase, cause TB

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5
Q

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

A

No exotoxins or enzymes for infectiousness, complex waxes and cord factor that prevent destruction by lysosomes or macrophages

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6
Q

Primary TB

A

Infectious dose of 10 cells, at 3-4 weeks tubercles form, of tubercle breaks down, caseous lesions form

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7
Q

Secondary TB

A

Reactivation, tubercles expand and drain into bronchial tubes and upper respiratory tract, 60% mortality if untreated, more severe symptoms

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8
Q

Extrapulmonary TB

A

bacilli disseminate to regional lymph nodes, kidneys, long bones, genitals, brain and meninges, fatal

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9
Q

Mantoux test

A

Injection of purified protein derivative, look for red wheal to form within 48-72 hours, can diagnose TB

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10
Q

Mycobacterium leprae

A

causes leprosy, strict parasite, spread through direct inoculation

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11
Q

Tuberculoid leprosy

A

Superficial infection without skin disfigurement which damages nerves and causes loss of pain perception

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12
Q

Lepromatous leprosy

A

A deeply nodular infection that causes severe disfigurement of the face and extremities

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13
Q

M. avium

A

3rd most common cause of death in AIDS patients

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14
Q

M. kansaii

A

pulmonary infections in adult white males with emphysema or bronchitis

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15
Q

M. marinum

A

Water inhabitant, lesions develop after scraping on swimming pool concrete

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16
Q

M. scrofulaceum

A

Infects cervical lymph nodes

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17
Q

M. paratuberculosis

A

raw cow’s milk, recovered from 65% of individuals with Crohn’s disease

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18
Q

Actinomycetes

A

nonmotile filamentous bacteria related to mycobacteria, may cause chronic infection of skin and soft tissues

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19
Q

Actinomyces iseaeli

A

Responsible for diseases of the oral cavity, thoracic or intestines

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20
Q

Nocardia brasiliensis

A

causes pulmonary disease similar to TB

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21
Q

Teleomorph

A

The sexual stage of the fungus

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22
Q

Anamorph

A

the asexual stage of the fungus

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23
Q

Nocardiosis

A

subcutaneous infections, pulmonary infections, brain abscesses, N. asteroides and N. brasiliensis

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24
Q

LActophenol cotton blue

A

Quick evaluation of fungal structures, stains chitin in cell walls of fungi

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25
Q

PAS stain

A

Stains polysaccharide in cell wall of fungi, fungi stained pink-red with blue nuclei

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26
Q

Gomori methenamine silver stain

A

silver nitrate outlines fungi in black due to the silver precipitating on the fungi cell wall

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27
Q

Zygomycota

A

all fungi with nonseptate hyphae

28
Q

Fungal yeasts

A

Candida spp. and cryptococcus neoformans

29
Q

Dimorphic fungi

A

change from a multicellular hyphae form in the natural environment to a budding single-celled yeast form in tissue

30
Q

Dimorphic fungal pathogens

A

Blasto, histo, paracoccidioides

31
Q

Molds

A

filamentous fungi, coenocytic or have septa, have mycelium (tangled masses of hyphae)

32
Q

Hyphae

A

increase surface area of fungi and facilitate absorption

33
Q

Yeasts

A

Unicellular fungi, reproduce asexually (budding), grow on cornmeal agar

34
Q

Candida

A

most common invasive fungal infection in immunocompromised patients, typically C. albicans, pseudohyphae (germ tube) or hyphae, rapid switching of expressed phenotype, form biofilm

35
Q

Transplanted Kidney

A

makes someone super susceptible to disseminated candida infections

36
Q

Diagnosing candida albicans

A

C. albicans is germ tube positive, other spp are negative

37
Q

Candida infection

A

UTI, eye, liver and spleen, kidneys, skin, brain, lungs, bone

38
Q

Cryptococcus

A

Encapsulated, inhalation of spores, yeast, asexual, opportunistic, seen in HIV/AIDS patients and in organ transplants

39
Q

Crypto clinical manifestations

A

Lung (pneumonia), meningitis, disseminated in HIV, skin ulcers, genital, eyes

40
Q

Immunodiffusion

A

For Histo (H + M band), Blasto, aspergillus and coccidioides

41
Q

Identity

A

Bands connect, but do not intersect or cross

42
Q

Non-identity

A

Bands cross in X shape

43
Q

Partial identity

A

Bands for a Y shape

44
Q

Aspergillus

A

airways/nasal exposure to airborne aspergillus, acute or chronic, characteristic conidiospore, conidia produced by phialides, characteristic for foot cell, typical mold seen on food

45
Q

Fungal growth requirements

A

25-30 C for most fungi, dimorphic fungi grow best at 37 C

46
Q

Aspergillosis fumigatus

A

Mycelium is septate, unbranched, rough or smooth conidiophores, foot cell, phialides are short flask shaped

47
Q

Hulle cells

A

Seen in A. versicolor and A, nidulans, specialized multinucleate cells that originate from a nest-like aggregation of hyphae during sexual development and serve as nurse cells to developing cleistothecium (sexually reproductive part of A. nidulans)

48
Q

Blastomyces dermatitidis

A

Hyphae with microconidia at room temp, pulmonary infection or chronic pulmonary disease, disseminated to skin and bones

49
Q

Paracoccidioides brasiliensis

A

Hyphae at room temp, converts to yeast with multiple buds at 37 C, acquired by inhalation, acute, chronic or asymptomatic pulmonary infections

50
Q

Mucormycosis

A

Fungal infection in immunocompromised or trauma patients, acute granulomatous and opportunistic infection, intrinsic ability to invade blood vessels, Rhinocerebralorbital mucormycosis is most common, seen in DKA

51
Q

Rhinocerebral mucormycosis

A

Unilateral headache, facial pain, eye swelling, necrotic lesions on hard palate or nasal mucosa

52
Q

Malassezia

A

Causes pityriasis versicolor, seborrheic dermatitis, dandruff and psoriasis, dimorphic fungus, normal skin flora, spaghetti and meatballs

53
Q

Fusarium

A

Associated with mycetomas, keratitis and systemic infections, form septate hyphae and 2 forms of conidiation, corneal infections from contact lenses

54
Q

Dermatophytes

A

Cause infections of the hair skin or nails, eat keratin in skin, most infections are in the feet or head/scalp, trichophyton, epidermophyton, and microsporum

55
Q

Trichophyton

A

infects nails, hair and skin, T. verrucosum is negative in the hair perforation test, foot fungus common

56
Q

Epidermophyton

A

Infects skin and nails, E. floccosum

57
Q

Microsporum

A

infects hair and skin,

58
Q

Tinea pedia

A

Athletes foot, caused by trichophyton and epidermophyton

59
Q

Tinea corporis

A

Ringworm, caused by microsporum and trichophyton

60
Q

Tinea unguium

A

Nail infection, caused by trichophyton and epidermophyton

61
Q

Tinea capitis

A

Scalp infection, caused by trichophyton and microsporum

62
Q

Tinea barbae

A

Infection of beard hair, caused by trichophyton and microsporum

63
Q

Tinea cruris

A

Jock itch, caused by trichophyton and epidermophyton

64
Q

Endothrix

A

Mold produces conidia inside hair shaft

65
Q

Ectothrix

A

Conidia only on outside of hair shaft

66
Q

Trichophyton mentagrophytes

A

Positive hair perforation test,

67
Q

Microsporum canis

A

Positive hair perforation, most commonly seen dermatophyte

Farrell (6 decks)

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