GPC and GPB Flashcards
Staph species
GPC in clusters, may have capsules
Staph aureus
Facultative anaerobe, contains hemolysin and leucocidin, coagulase
Enterotoxin
Causes gastrointestinal distress
Exfoliative toxin
Separates epidermis from dermis
Furuncle
Boil
Folliculitis
inflammation of hair follicle
Carbuncle
larger and deeper lesion created by aggregation and interconnection of cluster of furuncles
impetigo
bubble-like swelling that can break and peel away
Osteomyelitis
Abscess formation
Bacteremia
infection from bacteria from another infection
MRSA
methicillin resistant, mecA gene
Strep species
SPC in chains and pairs, non-motile, facultative anaerobes
Group A strep
Beta hemolytic, Strep pyogenes, typically in throat, DNase, can cause Rheumatic fever
Group B strep
Beta hemolytic, Strep agalactiae, Genital flora, can be given to infants birthed vaginally
Group D strep
Enterococcus faecalis, Strep Bovis, can cause endocarditis in patients with colon cancer
Viridian strep
Alpha hemolytic, can cause endocarditis and meningitis, S. mutans
Strep. pneumo
Need blood or chocolate agar, alpha strep, treated with penicillin, gram positive diplococci
If you don’t treat strep throat it can turn into
Rheumatic fever
Post-strep acute glomerulonephritis
Associated with group A strep skin infection, mostly impetigo in children
Most common cause of necrotizing fasciitis
Group A strep
Super antigens
Bind directly to MHC II and the TCR, seen in Scarlet fever and Toxic shock syndrome
Toxic shock syndrome
Group A strep isolated from a sterile site, mucosal site, wound
CAMP test
Staph aureus streaked on a blood agar, if enhanced hemolysis with horizontal bacterial streak, its Group A strep
Zone around Bacitracin disk
Group A strep
Zone around SXT disk
Staph aureus
Positive PYR
Group A strep
Eikenella
Pits the agar, typically from human bites, GNB, non-motile, oxidase positive, nitrate reducing, facultative anaerobe
Most common cause of infective endocarditis
Staph aureus
HACEK group
GNB, common cause of infective endocarditis,found in oral cavity
Haemophilus aphrophilus
AKA Aggregatibacter aphrophilus
Bacteria typically from a wound and sepsis
Kingella kingae
Cardiobacterium hominis
causes endocarditis when underlying valvular heart disease
Q fever
most common cause of endocarditis when blood culture is negative, use PCR or gene sequencing, Donut ring granuloma when lung biopsy, caused by Coxiella burnetii
Bacterial capsule
Keeps bacteria alive
Prokaryotes
Single celled, small, cell wall, no organelles, single stranded DNA
Eukaryotes
Multicellular, large, cell wall in fungi and plants, mostly aerobic, chromosomes in pairs
Bacillus anthracis
GPB, non-motile, spore is resistant and letal, transmitted cutaneously, inhalation and gastrointestinally, cAMP
Bacillus cereus
Seen in Sushi rice, motile and hemolytic, basically food poisoning, GPB, use malachite green
Clostridium tetani
GP Drum stick shape, neurotoxin, anaerobic, cause muscle spasms to activate over entire body, from soil, puncture wounds and burns, non-invasive, 1 week incubation
Clostridium perfrigens
GPB, non-motile, anaerobe, cause gas gangrene, double zone of hemolysis
C. septicum
Only seen in patients with colon cancer
Clostridium difficile
Difficult to culture, motile, anaerobe, GPB, specific smell, if treated with antibiotics, can cause pseudomembranous colitis, has toxin A and B
GPB spore in central location
C. bifermentans
SPB spore in sub-terminal
C. perfringens
GPB spore oval and terminal
C. tertium
GPB ‘drum stick’ appearance
C. tetani
Clostridium botulinum
GPB, causes flaccid paralysis of muscles, typically foodborne transmission, makes botox, can be destroyed by heating, seen in canned foods, can cause double vision
Tetanus toxin
blocks GABA and won’t allow inhibitor is relax the muscles
