mycology Flashcards
some beneficial uses of fungi
mushrooms , truffles, food and drink processing ; cheese, wine, bread
ecosystem- decomposition
drugs: anti cholesterol and antibiotics(penicillin)
mycorrhizae (symbiotic rel between fungi and green plants)
lichens (symbiotic rel between fungi and algae)
genetic engineering
biological controls
what are dermatophytes
pathogenic fungi that grow and cause infections of hair, skin and nails
examples of dermatophytes
Trichophyton rubrum and trichophyton mentagrophytes
fungi that are non pathogenic are called:
opportunistic
in what 3 ways are fungal infections detected
microscopic, serology (detect antibodies or fungal antigens) and culture
classification of fungal diseases and what they are
superficial: hair and nail infections, very superficial surfaces of skin and hair
Cutaneous : infections of the skin and mucous membranes, affect keratinized layer of skin, hair and nails
Subcutanoeus: affect subcutaneous layers of tiisues, deeper layers of the skin, cornea, muscle and connective tissues and may affect bone
systemic: affect any organ in the body and may disseminate via the bloodstream.
exaples of a mycoses of each classification of fungal diseases
superficial: Tinea capitis
cut: Tinea corporis
Subcut: Mycetoma, chromoblastomycosis
systemic: Cryptococcosis, Candidemia.
yeasts vs moulds
yeasts: unicellular, cell wall made of various polysaccharides mostly glucan and mannan, moslty reproduce through budding (can still form spores for sexual)
moulds: multicellular organisms consisting of threadlike tubular structures called hyphae, cell wall mostly of chitin, hyphae can combine to form a mycelium and grow via apical extension, they may reproduce asexually via conidiogenesis (conidia)
examples of yeasts
Candida albicans
cryptococcus neoformans
saccharomyces cerevisiae
two types of budding in yeasts
axial and bipolar: axial form new buds adjacent to the preceding division site and bipolar form new buds form at either pole of the cell
what organisms carry out axial and bipolar budding
axial- haploid yeasts
bipolar: diploid yeasts
advantage of axial budding
daughter cells are kept together and can mate
how are budding patterns regulated?
genetically
aseptate/coenocytic hyphae vs septate
aseptate are hollow, long cytoplasm, no partitions, and multinucleated
septate, divided by partitions
3 forms of fungi
yeasts, pseudophyae, hyphae
what are fungi that take up more than one form called?
dimorphic
what does what form they take depend on?
the ecnternal factors such as nutrient avaliability and temperature
example of dimorphic fungus
Histoplasma capsulatum
mention specieis that can take all 3 forms of fungus (pseudophyphae, hyphae and yeast)
Candida albicans
Candida species that can take form of budding yeast and pseudohyphae and Candida species that can take form of budding yeast cell
Candida tropicalis and Candida glabrata
sexual state of fungi and asexual state
sexual:teleomorph
asexual: anamorph
3 phyla of kingdom fungi
basidiomycota
ascomycota
zygomycota
4th phylum; name and why it isnt a true phyla
Deuteromycota
the sexual state of some fungi hasnt eben identified yet, and therefore placed here. they are also known as Fungi Imperfecti
what state are fungi in the lab
asexual state as they are cultivated there. when cultivated in a lab it is either + or -.
compare hyphae of 3 phyla
basidiomycota: septate with complex septal pore called dolipore, allwos fro cytoplasmic and not nucleic migration, dikaryotic and have clamp connections over septa
ascomycota: septate with simple pore allows for cytoplasmic and nucleic migration
zygomycota: aseptate
