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RUSVM Bacteriology Gram Positives > Mycobacterium > Flashcards

Mycobacterium Flashcards

1
Q

Mycobacterium description

A

Aerobic & Acid fast! non spore-forming rods, No flagella or capsules, Gram positive but poor at staining

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2
Q

What does it mean to be acid fast?

A

Can bind phenol based dyes and resist discoloration

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3
Q

Mycobacterium Major diseases

A

Tuberculosis - Paratuberculosis - Granulomatous diseases

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4
Q

Mycobacterium Virulence factors

A

Lipids/glycolipids/peptidoglycolipids - Alkyl hydroperoxidase reductase - Sufolipids, phosphatidyl inosital mannoside, surface mycosides, waxes - Glycolipid Dimycolyl trehalose - Mycobactins & exochelins

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5
Q

Mycobacterium virulence factors that aid in intramacrophage survival & account for acid-fastness

A

Lipids, glycolipids, peptidoglycolipids

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6
Q

Mycobacterium virulence factors that are responsible for resistance

A

Alkyl hydroperoxidase reductase

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7
Q

Mycobacterium virulence factor - “cord factor”

A

Dimycolyl trehalose glycolipid

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8
Q

Mycobacterium virulence factor for iron acquisition

A

Mycobactins & Exochelins

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9
Q

Tuberculosis - 3 species responsible

A

Reportable Disease!!!! - M. tuberculosis, M. bovis, M. avium

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10
Q

Tuberculosis - Reservoir species of different Mycobacterium species

A

Humans (M. tuberculosis) - Cattle & wild mammals (M. bovis) - Birds (M. avium)

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11
Q

Tuberculosis- Transmission

A

Mainly inhalation & ingestion - Transplacental, transovarian - intrauterine also possible

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12
Q

Tuberculosis Pathogenesis

A
  • Inhalation–> respiratory tract, adjacent lymph nodes & serous cavities - Hematogenous dissemination to liver & kidney - Rare udder infection (zoonotic!!) - Some transplacental to calves (liver & spleen lesions if not aborted)
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13
Q

Tuberculosis Disease patterns

A

Acute exudative process - Neutrophilic - Large infecting dose favored (inhalation) - High virulence - Predisposition of host - Loose tissue architecture (lungs) - Emaciation - Low grade fever - Enlarged lymph nodes - cough - diarrhea (tissue damage from cytokines, help spread organism)

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14
Q

What Tuberculosis signs arise after effective cell-mediated immune response?

A

Localized arrested pulmonary lesions

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15
Q

What Tuberculosis signs arise after ineffective cell-mediated immunie response?

A

Active pulmonary tuberculosis, generalized tuberculosis

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16
Q

Tuberculosis in ruminants - causative species

A

M. bovis!! sometimes avium/tuberculosis

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17
Q

Tuberculosis in ruminants- Disease pattern

A

Granulomatous lesions all over lungs, serous cavity surfaces! -

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18
Q

Tuberculosis in horses

A

M. avium - Rare - GI infection, pharynx & intestine, maybe lungs, spleen & serous membranes

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19
Q

Tuberculosis in pigs

A

M. bovis & avium - GI, Miliary lesions in liver & spleen

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20
Q

Tuberculosis species in Dogs & Cats

A

Mainly M. bovis

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21
Q

When I say Marie’s Disease, you say…

A

Dog tuberculosis - M. bovis

22
Q

Tuberculosis in dogs

A

Marie’s Disease - Hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy

23
Q

Tuberculosis in cats

A

Intestinal & abdominal localization, ulcerative skin lesions

24
Q

Tuberculosis in birds

A

M. avium complex - Grows @ higher temp - Alimentary infection–> disseminate to liver & spleen. Transovarian infection to chicks rare

25
Q

Tuberculosis in foals! and DDx for gram positive, aerobic bacteria causing pneumonia

A

Rare! DDx : Rhodococcus equi

26
Q

Tuberculosis species in primates

A

M. bovis (mainly) M. tuberculosis, M avium & non-tuberculous mycobacteria in immunosuppressed

27
Q

M. tuberculosis in primates

A

Airborne route, mostly respiratory tract infections

28
Q

M. bovis in primates

A

Ingestion, unpasteurized milk!!

29
Q

Case Study - Nasty picture of gross growth on vet surgeons finger

A

Verrucose lesion of cutaneous tuberculosis

30
Q

Tuberculosis breed resistance

A

Zebu cattle (with hump) more resistant than other breeds.

31
Q

Tuberculosis vaccine>

A

Available - Temporary immunity & hypersensitivity in humans - Interferes with interpretation of testing so ONLY for eradicated places

32
Q

Mycobacterium avium subspecies

A

4 subspecies (avium, paratuberculosis, silvaticum, hominissuis)

33
Q

When I say Johne’s disease, you say…

A

Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis!

34
Q

When I say transverse corrugation of intestinal mucosa of ruminants, you say…

A

Johne’s Disease! Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis!

35
Q

M. avium paratuberculosis

A

Johne’s Disease! Chronic, irreversible wasting disease. REPORTABLE

36
Q

M. avium paratuberculosis - species affected

A

Symptomatic/asymptomatic in wild & domestic ruminants, swine & rabbits

37
Q

M. avium paratuberculosis transmission

A

Ingestion - contact with fecally-contaminated materials (in utero or colostrum ingestion also possible

38
Q

Johne’s Disease pathogenesis

A

Cell mediated immune phenomena (12 mo incubation pd) –> survive & replicate inside M cells** –> macrophages release cytokines–> TH1 recruited (tuberculoid stage) –> IFN-g compromised, fails to eliminate bacteria –> Progressive granulomatous reaction (TH2 recruitment) –> sloughing of mucosal epithelium=lepromatous stage

39
Q

Johne’s Disease pathogenesis Lepromatous stage

A

TH2 recruitement - Sloughing of mucosal epithelium

40
Q

Johne’s Disease pathogenesis Tuberculoid stage

A

TH1 recruitment

41
Q

Johne’s Disease in ruminants

A

Chronic weight loss, diarrhea, permanent transverse corrugation of intestinal mucosa - Enlarged draining lymph nodes w/ macrophages w/bacteria

42
Q

Johne’s Disease - breeds especially susceptible

A

Guernsey, Shorthorn, Jersey

43
Q

Johne’s Disease When disease most occurs

A

In young - Domestication/captivity - Stress, crowding, shipment etc

44
Q

Johne’s Disease Dx

A

Intradermal test - can be messed up with vaccination

45
Q

Feline leprosy - causative agent & description

A

M. lepraemurium - chronic noduloulcerative nonTB mycobacterial infection of skin - Transmission by rodent bite - Poor prognosis

46
Q

M. lepraemurium description

A

Acid fast agent, very fastidious (picky about growth medium)

47
Q

Canine Leproid Granuloma Syndrome

A

Uncultured, saprophytic mycobacterium - Numerous acid-fast organisms - Condition of subcutis & skin of pinnae, face, body extremities

48
Q

Ulcerative dermatitis of cats & dogs - Causative agents

A

M. fortuitum, M. chelonae, & others

49
Q

Ulcerative dermatitis of cats & dogs - Description

A

Chronic, non-healing skin lesions, months to years - Pyogranulomatous inflammation - poor-staining organisms

50
Q

Bovine Farcy

A

Bovine Mycobacterial Ulcerative Lymphangitis - Nodular-ulcerative skin lesions of lower extremitis & ventral trunk - May cause false positive tuberculin reactivity

51
Q

Bovine Farcy causative agents

A

M. farcinogenes, M. senegalenses (and Nocardia farcinca)

52
Q

Mycobacterium in aquatics

A

Zoonotic significance - “swimming pool granuloma” or “fish handler’s disease”

RUSVM Bacteriology Gram Positives (13 decks)

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