Filamentous - Nocardia/Actinomyces/Dermatophilus

Question 1

Nocardia - descriptive statement

Answer 1

Aerobic, gram positive, saprophytic, partially acid-fast

Question 2

Nocardia - disease processes

Answer 2

Generalized suppurative & pyogranulomatous processes

Nocardia asteroides=Most common species

Question 3

Nocardia Transmission

Answer 3

Soil & water, inhalation, trauma & ingestion

Question 4

Nocardia - diseases

Answer 4

Immunodeficiency in humans & animals - Bovine mastitis!

Question 5

Nocardia pathogenesis

Answer 5

Suppurative - Variable granulomatous features - Lymph nodes involvement

Question 6

Nocardia in ruminants

Answer 6

Mastitis! Bovine Farcy! Pneumonia - Abortion - Lymphadenitis

Question 7

Bovine Farcy DDx!***

Answer 7

Nocardia farcinca - Mycobacterium farcinogenes -M. senegalense

Question 8

Nocardia in horses/swine

Answer 8

Immunosuppressed animals - Nocardioform placentitis- actually caused by Crossiella equi

Question 9

Nocardia in dogs/cats

Answer 9

Debilitating, febrile illness, LUMPY JAW

Question 10

When I say Lumpy Jaw in dogs/cats, you say…

Answer 10

Nocardia cyriacigeneorgica

Question 11

Actinomyces - Where is it found

Answer 11

Found on oral MM, tooth surfaces, endogenous - infectious - sometimes from bites

Question 12

Actinomyces pathology

Answer 12

Pyogranulomatous reactions! - Lumpy Jaw in Ruminants, humans & marsupials

Question 13

When I say Lumpy Jaw in Ruminants, humans & marsupials, you say…

Answer 13

Actinomyces bovis!

Question 14

Actinomyces bovis pathogenesis

Answer 14

A bovis: oral mucosa–> traumatic event to mandible (alveolar/paralveolar regions) –> chronic rarefying osteomyelitis –> replacement with porous bone, dislodge teeth, can’t chew, mandibular fractures

Question 15

Main difference from Actinomyces bovis and Nocardiosis?

Answer 15

Actinomyces bovis is very unlikely to disseminate. Stays local, in jaw

Question 16

Actinomyces in horse

Answer 16

Poll evil and fistulous withers (consider DDx), some cervical lymphadenitis

Question 17

Actinomyces in Dogs & Cats

Answer 17

A. viscosus - Suppurative serositis, discospondylitis, cutaneous=rare (nodulo-ulcerative lymphangitis)

Question 18

Actinomyces in Swine

Answer 18

Mastitis, abortion, pneumonia

Question 19

How to treat Actinomyces infection>

Answer 19

Iodine compounds (careful with toxicity)

Question 20

Dermatophilus congolensis

Answer 20

Exudative epidermitis

Question 21

Dermatophilus in cattle

Answer 21

Dermatophilosis or streptothricosis

Question 22

Dermatophilus in horses

Answer 22

Rain scald - rain rot - grease heal

Question 23

When I say Rain scald, rain rot, grease heal, you say…

Answer 23

Dermatophilus in horses

Question 24

When I say strawberry foot rot & lumpy wool in sheep, you say…

Answer 24

Dermatophilus in sheep

Question 25

What environment is best for dermatophilus?

Answer 25

WET & tropical - high humidity! (Africa & caribbean)

Question 26

How is dermatophilus spread?

Answer 26

Contact - Fomites - Tick vector (Ambylomma variegatum)

Question 27

What species of tick spreads dermatophilus?

Answer 27

Amblyomma variegatum

Question 28

What stain is best for dermatophilus?

Answer 28

Giemsa

Question 29

What do Dermatophilus congolensis look like under the microscope?

Answer 29

Train tracks!

Question 30

What is a characteristic sign of Dermatophilus infection?

Answer 30

Paintbrush appearance of removed crust & hair