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Bacteriology > Mycobacterium > Flashcards

Mycobacterium Flashcards

1
Q

Mycobacterium

A

gram-positive, acid fast positive, rod-shaped bacteria. Do not have outer membrane. Have mycolic acid on their cell wall. Facultative intracellular pathogens

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2
Q

Tuberculosis

A

Caused by M. tuberculosis and M. bovis.

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3
Q

What is the main cause of tuberculosis in humans?

A

M. tuberculosis.

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4
Q

Tuberculosis Treatment

A

six month course of four antimicrobial drugs. Drugs are always used in combination.

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5
Q

Why can’t you treat tuberculosis with one drug?

A
  1. extracellular and intracellular location of bacteria
  2. presence of bacteria in various phases within a lesion
  3. increased tendency to develop drug resistance due to prolonged treatment
  4. poor drug distribution in walled off lesions
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6
Q

Multidrug Resistant TB

A

resistant to at least isoniazid and rifampin

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7
Q

Extensively Drug Resistance TB

A

resistant to isoniazid and rifampin plus any fluoroquinolone and at least one of three injectable second-line drugs

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8
Q

Tuberculosis Prevention

A

human vaccine (BCG) only used in endemic countries

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9
Q

Mycobacterium bovis

A

causes zoonotic TB. Maintained primarily in bovine species but has the broadest host range and geographic distribution of all TB organisms. GI tract main portal of entry

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10
Q

In what state is Mycobacterium bovis common?

A

Michigan

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11
Q

Mycobacterium bovis Diagnosis

A
  1. tuberculin test
  2. Gamma IFN whole blood test C
  3. Radiography
  4. Clinical disease and histopath
  5. direct acid-fast stain from clinical samples
  6. culture
  7. PCR
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12
Q

Tuberculin Hypersensitivity Skin Test

A

detects cellular immune response. Screening test in caudal tail fold with single strength dose of M. bovis purified protein derivative. Read reaction at injection site after 72 hours.

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13
Q

Mycobacterium bovis Treatment

A

not recommended for animals. For humans combinations of antimicrobial agents

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14
Q

Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis

A

Causes Johne’s Disease.

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15
Q

Johne’s Disease

A

chronic progressive granulomatous enteritis of ruminants. Disease of economic importance. Possible etiology in Crohn’s Disease due to its excretion through milk

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16
Q

Mycobacterium paratuberculosis Transmission

A

young animals are more susceptible

17
Q

Mycobacterium paratuberculosis iceberg effect

A

numerous asymptomatic shedders. 35% immune, 60% asymptomatic shedders, 2-5% develop clinical disease

18
Q

Mycobacterium paratuberculosis Diagnosis

A

humoral immune response. Low sensitivity and false negative results from anergy. Cell mediated immune response- Johnin hypersensitivity skin test

19
Q

Mycobacterium paratuberculosis Prevention

A

culling, detection and isolation or culling asymptomatic shedders, separation of calves at birth, pasture rotation

20
Q

Mycobacterium paratuberculosis Vaccine

A

not very effective. Vaccine is restricted to Johne’s disease due to cross reactivity and interference with surveillance. Severe vaccine reactions

21
Q

Mycobacterium avium intracellular complex

A

widespread in soil and water, including treated municipal tap water. Numerous strains. Causes opportunistic granulomatous infections in humans, animals, and birds. Primarily a pulmonary pathogen immune comprpmised

22
Q

Mycobacterium paratuberculosis symptoms

A

diarrhea, wasting, edema

23
Q

Mycobacterium leprae

A

causes leprosy

24
Q

Mycobacterium Staining

A

in Geimsa or Gram stain it is negative stained/unstained. Bacilli normally observed

25
Q

Mycobacterium Diagnosis

A

staining
biopsy and histopathology
PCR

26
Q

Mycobacterium Treatment

A

possibly combination therapy

27
Q

Most susceptible to Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis

A

young animals

28
Q

Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis symptoms

A

diarrhea, edema, wasting

Bacteriology (9 decks)

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