Mycobacterial Disease/TB Flashcards
Give some features of mycobacteria
non-motile
G neg rods
slow growing
what stains are used for screening and diagnosis with mycobacterial disease
screening = auramine
ziehl neelson = diagnosis
what is the treatment for non TB mycobac
`RiCES
Rifampicin, Clarythromicin, Ethambutol, streptomycin
how many people with a latent TB inf will develop active TB
5-10% lifetime risk
what is Ghon’s focus
granuloma in lungs - latent Tb
how longer after initial infection will reactivation of TB happen
> 5y
what are the risk factors for reactivation of TB
immunosuppression, chronic alcohol excess, malnut, ageing
how will active TB present
fever, night sweats, weight loss, cough, haemoptysis
what extra symptoms of active TB may be present in the immunocompromised
subacute meningitis, pott’s disease (back pain + vertebral destruction), miliary TB (seen on CXR)
what investigations are done if suspected active TB
CXR 3x sputum samples tuberculin skin tests (show exposure) EBUS TBNA early morning urine
what stain is used and what culture are the sputum samples in TB grown on
stain = ziehl neelson stain culture = lowenstein Jensen medium
what is the treatment for TB
6mo - Rifampicin + Isonizaid
+
2mo - pyrazemide + ethambutol
for each of the RIPE drugs in TB, give a side effect
Rifampicin -> orange sec
Isonizaid -> periph neuropathy
Pyrazemide -> hepatotox
Ethambutol -> optic neuritis
what can be given with isonizaid to reduce potential side effects
pyridoxine
what are some other potential treatments for TB (other than RIPE)
injectibles - amikacin
quinolones
linezolid
