GI infections

Question 1

whats the definition for gastroenteritis

Answer 1

rapid onset illness lasting <2w with diarhoea >3 times a day or >200g stool, which is either viral or bac in aetiology

Question 2

time definitions for diarrhoea

Answer 2

acute = <14d
subacute = 14-29d
chronic = > 30d

Question 3

how will small bowel diarrhoea present

Answer 3

watery, crampy abdo pain, bloating and gas

inflam cells rare

Question 4

how will lrg bowel diarhoea present

Answer 4

small vol diarrhoea occurring with blood and mucous, painful, inflam cells common

Question 5

path of secretory Diarrhoea

Answer 5

toxin prod -> Cl sec into lumen -> loss of water/electro -> D & V -> watery D, no fever

Question 6

common causes of sec Diarhoea

Answer 6

cholera, superantigens

Question 7

path of inflam diarhoea

Answer 7

inflam and bactaraemia -> bloody diarhoea (dysentry)) + fever

Question 8

common causes of inflam diarhoea/dysentry

Answer 8

campylobac jejuni. shigella, salmonella

Question 9

path of enteric fever

Answer 9

interstitial inflam -> unwell with fever, fewer GI sympto

Question 10

causes of enteric fever

Answer 10

typhoidal salmonella, brucella, yersinia

Question 11

3 types of clostridium and where you get them from

Answer 11

C botulinum - canned/vacuum packed foods, honey in infants

C pefrigens - reheated meats

C dif - opportunistic after recent Ab use

Question 12

how will C botulinum present

Answer 12

descending paralysis

Question 13

whats the Tx for C bot

Answer 13

antitoxin

Question 14

how will C pef present

Answer 14

wattery D + craps + gas gangrene

Question 15

whats the Tx for C pef

Answer 15

antitoxin

Question 16

what antibiotics are especially associated with C dif

Answer 16

Cipro
cephalospor
clindamycin

Question 17

what condition will c dif lead to

Answer 17

pseudomembranous collitis

Question 18

whats the Tx for c dif

Answer 18

metronidazole, vancomycin

Question 19

what can you get from reheated rice and how will it present

Answer 19

bacillus cereus (G+ rod)
sudden vom and diarhoea - self limiting

Question 20

what superantigen is often spread on the skin of food handlers

Answer 20

staph A (G+ cocc)

Question 21

how will staph A present (GI)

Answer 21

prom vom + watery non-bloody diarrhoea

Question 22

where would you contract a enterobac inf

Answer 22

food/water contam with faeces

Question 23

what’s the treatment for enterobac inf

Answer 23

tend to be self limiting but can Tx with cipro

Question 24

what are the 4 types of enterobac

Answer 24

ETEC (toxogenic) - travelers diarrhoea
EIEC (invasive) -> dysentry
EHEC (haemorrhagic) - shiga like toxin -> HUS
EPEC (pathogenic) -> infantile diarhoea

Question 25

what G -ve viral inf will cause enteric fever, constip, fever, and rose spots

Answer 25

Salmonella typhi

Question 26

whats the treatment for Sal typhi

Answer 26

Iv ceftriaxome

Question 27

what g-ve rod is cause from poulty/met and will present with enterocolitis and bloody D

Answer 27

Sal enteritidis

Question 28

how is shigella transmitted and where does it affect

Answer 28

human -> human | affects distal ileum + colon -> mucosal inf

Question 29

how will shigella present

Answer 29

fever + pain + dysentry

Question 30

what causes rice water stool (massive D without inflam)

Answer 30

vibrio cholera

Question 31

what bac is commonly transmitted though raw seafood and whats the Tx

Answer 31

V parahaemolyticus | Tx = doxycycline

Question 32

what bac causes cellulitis in shellfish handlers and whats the Tx

Answer 32

V vulnificus | Tx = doxycycline

Question 33

bac cause of fever/headache, abdo cramps and diarhoea after bbq (undercooked chicken)

Answer 33

`campylobac jejuni

Question 34

whats the Tx for campylobac jejuni and how long does it last

Answer 34

lasts 10d | Tx = erythromycin or cipro if in first 5d

Question 35

what will cause a charachteristic flask shaped ulcer in the colon

Answer 35

Entamoebai H

Question 36

what will present with dysentry, flatulence, tenesemus and ulcers in colon after drinking unboiled/unfiltered water and whats the Tx

Answer 36

enta oeba H | Tx = metronidazole

Question 37

what population is at greater risk of entamoeba H

Answer 37

MSM

Question 38

whats a common cause of severe dirrhoea in immunocomp and whats the Tx

Answer 38

cyclosporidium parvum | Tx = paromomycin

Question 39

what causes foul smelling non-bloody diarhoea, cramps and no fever

Answer 39

giardia lamblia - ingestion of cyst from foecal contam water/food Tx = metronidazole

Question 40

3 common viral cause of sec D and the age groups they affect

Answer 40

norovirus - adult outbreaks adenovirus - <2y or immunocomp rotavirus - <6y or immunocomp

Question 41

what are the 5 main notifiable diseases

Answer 41

``` campylobac clostridium listeria monocytogenes vibrio yersinia ```