GI infections Flashcards
whats the definition for gastroenteritis
rapid onset illness lasting <2w with diarhoea >3 times a day or >200g stool, which is either viral or bac in aetiology
time definitions for diarrhoea
acute = <14d subacute = 14-29d chronic = > 30d
how will small bowel diarrhoea present
watery, crampy abdo pain, bloating and gas
inflam cells rare
how will lrg bowel diarhoea present
small vol diarrhoea occurring with blood and mucous, painful, inflam cells common
path of secretory Diarrhoea
toxin prod -> Cl sec into lumen -> loss of water/electro -> D & V -> watery D, no fever
common causes of sec Diarhoea
cholera, superantigens
path of inflam diarhoea
inflam and bactaraemia -> bloody diarhoea (dysentry)) + fever
common causes of inflam diarhoea/dysentry
campylobac jejuni. shigella, salmonella
path of enteric fever
interstitial inflam -> unwell with fever, fewer GI sympto
causes of enteric fever
typhoidal salmonella, brucella, yersinia
3 types of clostridium and where you get them from
C botulinum - canned/vacuum packed foods, honey in infants
C pefrigens - reheated meats
C dif - opportunistic after recent Ab use
how will C botulinum present
descending paralysis
whats the Tx for C bot
antitoxin
how will C pef present
wattery D + craps + gas gangrene
whats the Tx for C pef
antitoxin
what antibiotics are especially associated with C dif
Cipro
cephalospor
clindamycin
what condition will c dif lead to
pseudomembranous collitis
whats the Tx for c dif
metronidazole, vancomycin
what can you get from reheated rice and how will it present
bacillus cereus (G+ rod) sudden vom and diarhoea - self limiting
what superantigen is often spread on the skin of food handlers
staph A (G+ cocc)
how will staph A present (GI)
prom vom + watery non-bloody diarrhoea
where would you contract a enterobac inf
food/water contam with faeces
what’s the treatment for enterobac inf
tend to be self limiting but can Tx with cipro
what are the 4 types of enterobac
ETEC (toxogenic) - travelers diarrhoea
EIEC (invasive) -> dysentry
EHEC (haemorrhagic) - shiga like toxin -> HUS
EPEC (pathogenic) -> infantile diarhoea
what G -ve viral inf will cause enteric fever, constip, fever, and rose spots
Salmonella typhi
whats the treatment for Sal typhi
Iv ceftriaxome
what g-ve rod is cause from poulty/met and will present with enterocolitis and bloody D
Sal enteritidis
how is shigella transmitted and where does it affect
human -> human
affects distal ileum + colon -> mucosal inf
how will shigella present
fever + pain + dysentry
what causes rice water stool (massive D without inflam)
vibrio cholera
what bac is commonly transmitted though raw seafood and whats the Tx
V parahaemolyticus
Tx = doxycycline
what bac causes cellulitis in shellfish handlers and whats the Tx
V vulnificus
Tx = doxycycline
bac cause of fever/headache, abdo cramps and diarhoea after bbq (undercooked chicken)
`campylobac jejuni
whats the Tx for campylobac jejuni and how long does it last
lasts 10d
Tx = erythromycin or cipro if in first 5d
what will cause a charachteristic flask shaped ulcer in the colon
Entamoebai H
what will present with dysentry, flatulence, tenesemus and ulcers in colon after drinking unboiled/unfiltered water
and whats the Tx
enta oeba H
Tx = metronidazole
what population is at greater risk of entamoeba H
MSM
whats a common cause of severe dirrhoea in immunocomp and whats the Tx
cyclosporidium parvum
Tx = paromomycin
what causes foul smelling non-bloody diarhoea, cramps and no fever
giardia lamblia - ingestion of cyst from foecal contam water/food
Tx = metronidazole
3 common viral cause of sec D and the age groups they affect
norovirus - adult outbreaks
adenovirus - <2y or immunocomp
rotavirus - <6y or immunocomp
what are the 5 main notifiable diseases
campylobac clostridium listeria monocytogenes vibrio yersinia
