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T's Microbiology Y5 > GI infections > Flashcards

GI infections Flashcards

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1
Q

whats the definition for gastroenteritis

A

rapid onset illness lasting <2w with diarhoea >3 times a day or >200g stool, which is either viral or bac in aetiology

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2
Q

time definitions for diarrhoea

A 
acute = <14d
subacute = 14-29d
chronic = > 30d
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3
Q

how will small bowel diarrhoea present

A

watery, crampy abdo pain, bloating and gas

inflam cells rare

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4
Q

how will lrg bowel diarhoea present

A

small vol diarrhoea occurring with blood and mucous, painful, inflam cells common

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5
Q

path of secretory Diarrhoea

A

toxin prod -> Cl sec into lumen -> loss of water/electro -> D & V -> watery D, no fever

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6
Q

common causes of sec Diarhoea

A

cholera, superantigens

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7
Q

path of inflam diarhoea

A

inflam and bactaraemia -> bloody diarhoea (dysentry)) + fever

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8
Q

common causes of inflam diarhoea/dysentry

A

campylobac jejuni. shigella, salmonella

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9
Q

path of enteric fever

A

interstitial inflam -> unwell with fever, fewer GI sympto

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10
Q

causes of enteric fever

A

typhoidal salmonella, brucella, yersinia

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11
Q

3 types of clostridium and where you get them from

A

C botulinum - canned/vacuum packed foods, honey in infants

C pefrigens - reheated meats

C dif - opportunistic after recent Ab use

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12
Q

how will C botulinum present

A

descending paralysis

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13
Q

whats the Tx for C bot

A

antitoxin

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14
Q

how will C pef present

A

wattery D + craps + gas gangrene

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15
Q

whats the Tx for C pef

A

antitoxin

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16
Q

what antibiotics are especially associated with C dif

A

Cipro
cephalospor
clindamycin

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17
Q

what condition will c dif lead to

A

pseudomembranous collitis

18
Q

whats the Tx for c dif

A

metronidazole, vancomycin

19
Q

what can you get from reheated rice and how will it present

A 
bacillus cereus (G+ rod)
sudden vom and diarhoea - self limiting
20
Q

what superantigen is often spread on the skin of food handlers

A

staph A (G+ cocc)

21
Q

how will staph A present (GI)

A

prom vom + watery non-bloody diarrhoea

22
Q

where would you contract a enterobac inf

A

food/water contam with faeces

23
Q

what’s the treatment for enterobac inf

A

tend to be self limiting but can Tx with cipro

24
Q

what are the 4 types of enterobac

A

ETEC (toxogenic) - travelers diarrhoea
EIEC (invasive) -> dysentry
EHEC (haemorrhagic) - shiga like toxin -> HUS
EPEC (pathogenic) -> infantile diarhoea

25
Q

what G -ve viral inf will cause enteric fever, constip, fever, and rose spots

A

Salmonella typhi

26
Q

whats the treatment for Sal typhi

A

Iv ceftriaxome

27
Q

what g-ve rod is cause from poulty/met and will present with enterocolitis and bloody D

A

Sal enteritidis

28
Q

how is shigella transmitted and where does it affect

A

human -> human

affects distal ileum + colon -> mucosal inf

29
Q

how will shigella present

A

fever + pain + dysentry

30
Q

what causes rice water stool (massive D without inflam)

A

vibrio cholera

31
Q

what bac is commonly transmitted though raw seafood and whats the Tx

A

V parahaemolyticus

Tx = doxycycline

32
Q

what bac causes cellulitis in shellfish handlers and whats the Tx

A

V vulnificus

Tx = doxycycline

33
Q

bac cause of fever/headache, abdo cramps and diarhoea after bbq (undercooked chicken)

A

`campylobac jejuni

34
Q

whats the Tx for campylobac jejuni and how long does it last

A

lasts 10d

Tx = erythromycin or cipro if in first 5d

35
Q

what will cause a charachteristic flask shaped ulcer in the colon

A

Entamoebai H

36
Q

what will present with dysentry, flatulence, tenesemus and ulcers in colon after drinking unboiled/unfiltered water
and whats the Tx

A

enta oeba H

Tx = metronidazole

37
Q

what population is at greater risk of entamoeba H

A

MSM

38
Q

whats a common cause of severe dirrhoea in immunocomp and whats the Tx

A

cyclosporidium parvum

Tx = paromomycin

39
Q

what causes foul smelling non-bloody diarhoea, cramps and no fever

A

giardia lamblia - ingestion of cyst from foecal contam water/food
Tx = metronidazole

40
Q

3 common viral cause of sec D and the age groups they affect

A

norovirus - adult outbreaks
adenovirus - <2y or immunocomp
rotavirus - <6y or immunocomp

41
Q

what are the 5 main notifiable diseases

A 
campylobac
clostridium
listeria monocytogenes
vibrio
yersinia

T's Microbiology Y5 (12 decks)

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