MYCOBACTERIA Flashcards
It is non-motile, non-spore forming slender, slightly curved or straight, rod-shaped that have tendency to clump.
Mycobacteria
It consists of M.tuberculosis, M.bovis, M.africanum, M.canetti, and M.microti
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
This is acquired from persons with active disease who are excreting viable bacilli by coughing, sneezing, or talking.
Tubercle bacilli
Hard tubercle or granuloma may be formed.
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
In infected individuals, there’s a potential for reactivation of TB.
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
It is usually a disease of the respiratory tract.
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
It refers to seeding of many organs outside the pulmonary tree with AFB through hematogenous spread.
Military TB (Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis)
Almost any organ of the body can be infected by M.tuberculosis
Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis
It is an unexplained pleural effusion with mononuclear pleurocytosis, manifests as cough, fever, and chest pain, resembling the presentation of bacterial pneumonia.
Pleurisy (Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis)
Lymphadenitis
Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis
Genitourinary TB
Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis
Skeletal TB of the spine is referred to as Pott disease.
Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis
Meningitis
Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis
It is an examination usually reveals an elevated protein level, decreased glucose level, and a predominance of lymphocytes.
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) — Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis
It is typically raised with a dry and rough appearance.
Colonies
Are nonpigmented and classically described as
being buff-colored.
Colonies
Fever, fatigue, night sweats, weight loss, dyspnea, coughing, chest pain, hemoptysis
Primary TB
TB primarily in cattle but also in other ruminants, as well as in dogs, cats, swine, parrots, and humans.
Mycobacterium bovis
Patient’s compliance to drug regimen
DOTS — Direct Observe Treatment Shortcourse
Other drugs used if resistant in 9 month course theraphy.
kanamycin, ciprofloxacin
Second-generation aminoglycosides and fluoroquinolones. (treatment)
MDR - TB
Treatment is combinations of several drugs. (treatment)
XDR - TB
2 parts of Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC)
Mycobacterium avium and M.intracellulare
It is a cause of disease in poultry and swine — Zoonotic
M.avium
Found in the environment that colonize the skin, respiratory tract and of healthy individuals.
Non-tuberculous mycobacteria
Atypical mycobacteria or mycobacteria other than tuberculosis (mott)
Non-tuberculous mycobacteria
Non transmissible from person to person
Non-tuberculous mycobacteria
Aids contributed to incidence to ntm disease.
Non-tuberculous mycobacteria
Chronic pulmonary disease resembling TB.
Non-tuberculous mycobacteria
Isoniazid and rifampin (treatment)
9 month course therapy
Resistant to INH and RMP plus any fluoroquinolones and at least one injectable second-line drugs (e.g. amikacin, kanamycin,
capreomycin)
XDR - TB
Resistance to at least two of the most powerful first line anti-TB
drugs, INH and RMP
MDR - TB
Causative agent of Johne disease, an intestinal infection occurring as a chronic diarrhea in cattle, sheep, goats, and other ruminants.
Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis
Very slow growth rate (3 to 4 months)
Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis
Needs mycobactin — supplemented medium for primary isolation.
Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis
Cause of disseminated infections in patients with AIDS
Mycobacterium genavense
Enteritis and genial and soft tissue infections
Mycobacterium genavense
Middlebrook 7H11 agar supplemented with mycobactin
Mycobacterium genavense
Heat stable catalase, pyrazinamidase, and urease — positive
Mycobacterium genavense
reactivation or reinfection (treatment)
Secondary Tb
Submandiubular lymphadenitis, subcutaenous nodules, painful swellings, ulcers progressing to abscesses, and draining fistulas are often the clinical manifestations.
Mycobacterium haemophilum
What is the unique characteristic of Mycobacterium haemophilum?
its requirement for hemoglobin or hemin for growth
Optimal growth temperature is 28 C to 32V: little or no growth occurs at 37C.
Mycobacterium haemophilum
Cells are strongly acid-fast, short occasionally curved bacilli without banding or beading, and arranged in tight clusters or cords.
Mycobacterium haemophilum
An organism where strains have been isolated from water.
Mycobacterium kansasii
Infections are not normally considered contagious from person
to person
Mycobacterium kansasii
Susceptible to rifampin and ethambutol, partially resistant to isoniazid anstreptomycin, and resistant to pyrazanamide.
Mycobacterium kansasii
A multidrug regimen of isoniazid, rifampin, and ethambutol is currently recommended.
Mycobacterium kansasii
Long rods with distinct crossbanding
Mycobacterium kansasii
A mycobacterium where colonies are photochromogenic.
Mycobacterium kansasii
A mycobacterium where with prolonged exposure to light, most strains from dark red crystals of carotene on the surface of and inside the colony.
Mycobacterium kansasii
A mycobacterium that is strongly catalase-positive.
Mycobacterium kansasii
A mycobacterium that is hydrolyze tween 80 in 3 days.
Mycobacterium kansasii
A mycobacterium that is strong nitrate reduction.
Mycobacterium kansasii
A mycobacterium that’s pyrazinamidase production.
Mycobacterium kansasii
Chronic pulmonary disease and cervical lymphadenitis.
Mycobacterium malmoense
Resistant to isoniazid, streptomycin, p aminosalicylic acid, and rifampin and susceptible to ethambutol and cycloserine.
Mycobacterium malmoense
A short coccobacillus without cross bands on acid-fast-strained smears.
Mycobacterium malmoense
Colonies are smooth glistening, and opaque, with dense centers.
Mycobacterium malmoense
Cervical Lymphadenitis in children
Mycobacterium scrofulaceum
The organism grows slowly (4 to 6 weeks) at incubation temperatures ranging from 25 to 37C
Mycobacterium scrofulaceum
It is isolated from the lymph nodes of monkeys.
Mycobacterium simiae
Colonies on Middlebrook 7H10 agar are thin, transparent or tiny, and filamentous.
Mycobacterium simiae
A mycobacterium that has been implicated in diseases of fish and isolated from aquariums.
Mycobacterium marinum
Cutaneous infections in humans occur when traumatized skin comes into contact with salt water or inadequately chlorinated fresh water containing the organism.
Mycobacterium marinum
Tender red or blue-red subcutaneous nodule, or swimming pool ganuloma, usually occurs on the elbow, knee, toe, or finger.
Mycobacterium marinum
Cells of this organism are moderately long to long rods with cross barring.
Mycobacterium marinum
Its organism is photochromogenic; young colonies.
Mycobacterium marinum
Its Colonies grown in or exposed to light develop a deep yellow color.
Mycobacterium marinum
The organisms hydrolyze Tween 80 and produce urease and pyrazinamidase.
Mycobacterium marinum
None reduces nitrate or produces heat-stable catalase.
Mycobacterium marinum
The organisms hydrolyze Tween 80 and produce urease and pyrazinamidase.
Mycobacterium marinum
Young colonies grown on cornmeal agar have a bird’s nest appearance, with characteristic stick-like projections.
Mycobacterium xenopi
Recovered from hot and cold-water taps (including water storage tanks of hospitals).
Mycobacterium xenopi
Organism that have been associated with a variety of infections of the skin, lungs, bone, central nervous system, and prosthetic heart valves.
M.chelonae
Mycobacterium that seen in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF).
M.abscessus
The M. smegmatis group contains two species.
M.smegmatis and M.goodie
Mycobacterium that has been implicated in rare cases of pulmonary, skin, soft tissue, and bone infections.
M.smegmatis
Cells are long and tapered or short rods with irregular acid fastness.
M.smegmatis
Negative arylsulfatase reaction, positive iron uptake, ability to reduce nitrate, and growth in the presence of 5% NaCl and on MacConkey agar without crystal violet.
Mycobacterium smegmatis
